偃师商城遗址出土印纹硬陶和原始瓷的科技分析  

Technical Analysis of Embossed Hard-paste Porcelains and Proto-porcelains Unearthed from Yanshi Shang City

作　　者：杨玉璋 曾令园 陈国梁[3] 孙炳桂 龚莹雪 张居中[2] YANG Yuzhang

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京市100083 [2]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥市230026 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100101

出　　处：《华夏考古》2024年第2期29-37,共9页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“郑州商城出土白陶、印纹硬陶与原始瓷的制作工艺及产地研究”(项目编号:50902127)资助。

摘　　要：为了解河南偃师商城遗址出土印纹硬陶和原始瓷的工艺特征及产地来源,本文运用X射线荧光光谱仪、热膨胀仪和吸水率仪对遗址出土的7件印纹硬陶和3件原始瓷样品进行了分析测试。结果显示,上述样品胎体化学组成较为接近,皆具有南方陶瓷“高硅低铝”的典型特征,但原始瓷样品胎料组成具有更高的稳定性,同时,二者胎体的助熔剂含量总体偏低;原始瓷釉以CaO为主要助熔剂,属高温钙釉,其釉料配制时未添加草木灰,可能是由黏土配以其他富含CaO、MgO的原料制作而成。多元统计分析结果显示,偃师商城的印纹硬陶和原始瓷至少应有两处以上的产地来源,其中多数与二里头遗址样品成分接近但离散程度较高,少数样品与福建辽田尖山窑样品关系密切。To better understand the characteristics of the workmanship and places of production of the embossed hard-paste porcelains and proto-porcelains unearthed from Henan's Yanshi Shang City,this article analyzes seven embossed hard-paste porcelains and three proto-porcelains unearthed from the site via X-ray fuorescence spectrometer,thermal dilatometer and water absorption meter.The results show that the chemical compositions of the bodies of the abovementioned vessels are similar,with all bearing the typical feature of ceramics of the South,namely high in silicon and low in aluminum".However,the compositions of the bodies of the proto-porcelains have higher stability.Meanwhile,in the bodies of both kinds of porcelains,the content of fluxing agent is generally low.The glazing of proto-porcelains have CaO as the major fluxing agent,and belongs to high-temperature calcium glaze whose ingredient included no plant ash but probably clay with other raw materials rich in CaO and MgO.The result of multivariate statistical analysis shows that the embossed hard-paste porcelains and proto-porcelains unearthed from Yanshi Shang City were produced in at least two places.The compositions of most of these porcelains are similar to those unearthed from Erlitou Site but with a high degree of dispersion.A minority of the specimens are closely related to those collected from Fujian's Liaotianjianshan Kiln.

关 键 词：偃师商城 印纹硬陶 原始瓷 工艺特征 产地 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]