中原与海岱地区先秦时期麦作的考古发现与研究  

Archaeological Discoveries and Research of Pre-Qin Wheat Planting in Central Plains and Haidai Region

作　　者：郭荣臻 曹凌子[3] 靳桂云 GUO Rongzhen

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院历史文化学院,河南郑州市450044 [2]山东大学考古学院,山东济南市250100 [3]河南省文物考古研究院,河南郑州市450099 [4]山东大学文化遗产研究院,山东青岛市266237

出　　处：《华夏考古》2024年第2期89-100,共12页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于环境与农业的鲁北地区龙山文化人地关系研究”(41771230);山东大学环境与社会考古国际合作联合实验室开放课题“中原与海岱地区夏商时期农业复杂化的比较研究”(JoInRLESA202205);郑州师范学院本科教学质量与教学改革提升工程“新文科视域下地方高校考古学课程教学模式改革研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：前裴李岗一裴李岗时代是中原与海岱地区农业酝酿与早期发展期,仰韶时代农业社会确立,麦遗存占有遗址数增加,但未得测年数据证实;龙山时代农业复杂化进程加速,强化型农业生产格局形成,多数系统植物考古研究的遗址中出土有麦遗存;二里头时代,农业经济进一步复杂化,麦作在中原农业生产中应已占一席之地,但海岱地区的小麦利用水平较低;商时期,强化型农业格局普遍确立,多种农作物种植制度成为时代特征,中原先民对小麦利用程度呈现强化态势,海岱先民的小麦利用强度犹待更多证据;两周时期,两区麦作农业进步明显,海岱地区麦作迎来转折。伴随着农业复杂化的发展,小麦在生产和生活中的地位逐渐提高,强化了多种作物种植制度,对两区早期文明化进程作出了贡献。The time before and during Peiligang Era witnessed the incubation and early development of agriculture in Central Plains and Haidai region.With the establishment of agricultural society in Yangshao period,the number of sites that contain wheat remains increases,but this has not been confirmed by data of dating analysing.In Longshan period,agricultural complexification sped up,resulting in an intensified agricultural landscape.Wheat remains have been found in most of the sites examined in systematic plant archaeological researches.In Erlitou period,the agricultural economy became more complex.Wheat planting secured its place in the agricultural production of Central Plains,but there was a relatively low-level utilization of wheat in Haidai region.In Shang Dynasty,the intensified agricultural landscape was widespread,and the practice of planting multiple crops became a particularity of that time.The utilization of wheat by people of Central Plains increasingly strengthened,but how wheat was used in Haidai region still awaits additional evidence.In Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou,wheat planting significantly progressed in both regions,and saw the turn in the course of its development in Haidai region.With the advancement of agricultural complexification,the importance of wheat gradually increased in both production and living status,and the practice of planting multiple crops was strengthened,contributing to the early civilizing process of both regions.

关 键 词：中原 海岱 先秦 麦作 农业复杂化 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]