刑事诉讼中被告人最后陈述权的保障  

Guaranteeing the Defendant’s Right to a Final Statement in Criminal Procedure

作　　者：韩旭[1] Han Xu

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第3期176-191,共16页Global Law Review

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“职务犯罪治理的诉讼法制应对研究”(22JJD820023)的研究成果。

摘　　要：被告人最后陈述权在性质上系不同于辩护权的独立诉讼权利,属于被告人听审权的内容,既要求被告人能进行充分的陈述,也要求裁判者能认真听取其陈述意见,并在裁判文书中予以回应。最后陈述的核心功能是对法官提出裁判请求,进而影响裁判结论的形成。被告人陈述从证据法意义上观察,表现为被告人悔罪陈述、无罪或罪轻辩解和域外品格证据三种,具有一定的证据法意义。我国被告人最后陈述实践中形式化色彩浓厚,法官对其价值重视不够,限制陈述内容、陈述时间和陈述方式的情况很常见,裁判文书中也基本不涉及最后陈述内容。域外被告人最后陈述存在三种模式:一是被告人独立陈述模式;二是辩护人与被告人陈述模式;三是检察官、辩护人和被告人平等享有最后陈述权模式。鉴于我国审判实践中被告人最后陈述内容大多属于辩护范畴,建议第四次刑事诉讼法修改时将其归入法庭辩论程序,以确保在法庭辩论终结前被告人有最后陈述机会。The defendant’s right to a final statement is an independent litigation right different from the right of defense in nature and belongs to the content of the defendant’s right to hearing.It requires not only that the defendant is able to make a full statement but also that the judge carefully listens to his statement and responds to it in the judgment document.This right has six distinct characteristics:finality,independence,comprehensiveness,irreplaceability,irreducibility,and finality.Its function has five aspects:opinion supplementation,procedure initiation,emphasis on the main point,attitude confirmation,and influence on judgment.The core function of the final statement is to make a judgment request to the judge,thereby affecting the formation of the judgment conclusion.Observed from the evidence law perspective,defendants’statements can be divided into three categories:statement of repentance,statement of innocence or pettiness of the crime,and statement of extraterritorial character evidence-all of which have a certain evidence law significance.The defendant’s final statement has a strong color of formality in Chinese practice.Judges do not attach enough importance to its value:limiting speech time,arbitrarily interrupting the defendant’s statement,and requiring written statements to replace oral statements are common phenomena.The content of the final statement is rarely touched upon in the judgment document.The causes of the formalization of the defendant's final statement include:firstly,defendants lack a correct understanding of the function of the final statement right;secondly,judges have an incorrect understanding of the nature of the defendant’s right to make a final statement;thirdly,court trial has not yet been substantialized;fourthly,there are no rules on the final statement;and fifthly,the defendant’s statement usually lacks evidential validity.Final statements by defendants outside the jurisdiction take three forms:an independent statement by the defendant,a joint statement by th

关 键 词：被告人最后陈述权 辩护权 诉讼权利 听审权 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]