收割时间与加工方式对天然牧草产品品质和体外消化率的影响  

Effect of harvest period and processing method on the quality and in vitro digestibility of native grass products

作　　者：王一凡 卓兴良 王磊[1] 张洪瑞 陈雪 吉方财 玉柱[1] WANG Yi-fan;ZHUO Xing-liang;WANG Lei;ZHANG Hong-rui;CHEN Xue;JI Fang-cai;YU Zhu(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第6期145-154,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(项目编号:2022YFE0111000);优质饲草生产与草产品加工关键技术研发及示范(项目编号:CCPTZX2023B07);草食畜牧业增量提质科技创新合作(项目编号:DL2023108002L);青海省玉树州杂多县特色养殖业提质增效关键技术集成与示范(项目编号:2022YFD1602305);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(项目编号:CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：为探明呼伦贝尔地区适宜天然牧草收割时间以及青贮的可行性,在2022年的7月11日(T_(1)组)、7月16日(T_(2)组)、7月21日(T_(3)组)、7月26日(T_(4)组)和7月31日(T_(5)组)收割天然牧草,采用天然干燥、青贮发酵和人工干燥3种方式加工天然牧草,评价其发酵品质、营养品质和体外消化率。结果表明:5个时间收割调制的天然牧草青贮饲料发酵品质均较好,天然牧草青贮饲料T_(3)和T_(4)组乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)含量较高,pH值和氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)较低。青贮发酵组相较于天然干燥组,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)组收割的天然牧草,粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著增加(P<0.05),可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著降低(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量差异不显著(P>0.05);各个时间收割的天然牧草的干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)和粗蛋白质体外消化率(IVCPD)显著增加(P<0.05)。青贮发酵组、天然干燥组和人工干燥组中,T_(4)组收割天然牧草的CP含量均最高,NDF和ADF含量较低,IVDMD和IVCPD较高。天然牧草青贮饲料的营养品质和体外消化率高于天然干燥调制的干草,在7月26日收割的天然牧草青贮饲料品质最好,建议在7月下旬中期收割天然牧草并进行青贮。This research explored the ideal harvesting time and feasibility of ensilage of native grass in the Hulun Buir region.Native grass was harvested on July 11(T_(1) group),July 16(T_(2) group),July 21(T_(3) group),July 26(T_(4) group),and July 31(T_(5) group)in 2022.The harvested native grass was processed by natural drying,ensiling with fermentation,or artificial drying.The fermentation quality,nutritional quality,and in vitro digestibility of the products were evaluated.It was found that the fermentation quality of silage prepared from native grass harvested at the five different times was good.Compared with the other groups,the T_(3) and T_(4) groups of native grass silage had the highest levels of lactic acid(LA)and acetic acid(AA),and lower pH values and NH3-N/TN.Compared with their corresponding naturally dried groups,the silage made from the T_(2),T_(3),T_(4),and T_(5) groups showed significantly higher crude protein(CP)content(P<0.05),significantly lower soluble water-soluble carbohydrate(P<0.05),and no significant difference in neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents(P>0.05).The in vitro digestibility of dry matter(IVDMD)and crude protein(IVCPD)of native grass significantly increased with later harvest times(P<0.05).In the silage fermentation,natural drying,and artificial drying treatments,the T_(4) group of harvested native grass had the highest CP content,lower NDF and ADF contents,and higher IVDMD and IVCPD.The nutritional quality and in vitro digestibility of native grass silage were higher than those of naturally dried and artificially dried native grass.The quality of silage prepared from native grass harvested on July 26th was the best.Therefore,it is recommended to harvest native grass for ensiling in mid-to late July.

关 键 词：收割时间 天然牧草 天然干燥 青贮发酵 体外消化率 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]