中华先民虎神崇拜历史动因考  

A Study on the Historical Motivation of Tiger God Worship of Chinese Ancestors

作　　者：黄交军 李国英 Huang Jiajun;Li Guoying(School of Culture&Media,Guiyang University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550005;Qingyan Guihuang Junior High School in Guiyang,Guiyang,Guizhou,550027)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院文化传媒学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵阳市青岩贵璜中学,贵州贵阳550027

出　　处：《地方文化研究》2024年第2期21-30,共10页Local Culture Research

基　　金：2019年国家社科基金项目"商周金文名物词研究"(项目编号:19BYY157);2020年贵州省哲学社会科学规划课题"语言类型学视阈下贵阳方言声调的实验研究"(项目编号:20GZZD42);2016年贵州省教育厅高高校人文社会科学研究项目"文化人类学视野下的身份困惑与民族秘史——话说贵州穿青族的前世今生"(项目编号:2016ZC011);贵阳学院院级项目立项资助课题"《说文解字》与中国先民生态文化研究"(项目编号:10976200903)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：虎属哺乳纲猫科,乃百兽之王,并被中华先民不断演绎为一种重要的文化形态与民俗现象,尤其是虎神崇拜引人注目,但是学界对其成因解释歧见甚多。利用王国维的“二重证据法”,结合《说文解字》虎部字词、《诗经》等传世文献,证以“虎豕斗”系列地下出土考古文物,可窥悉人类迎虎、祭虎古礼的真实动因是老虎能捕食田豕、野鹿等农害,有效维护生态平衡,故被先民尊作农业的保护神。道家宗师庄子“虎狼,仁也”精彩命题的提出,更是凸显出“万物同齐”“和而不同”等中国古典哲学特色,给当今世界构建人类命运共同体的普世价值馈赠了宝贵的知识经验、生存智慧,从而破译我们赖以根植的民族秘史。The tiger,belonging to the mammalian class cat,is considered the king of beasts and has been continuously interpreted by the Chinese ancestors as an important cultural form and folk phenomenon.Particularly noteworthy is the worship of the tiger deity,but there are many differences in the explanation of its cause.Based on the double evidence method of Wang Guowei,the documents handed down such as Shuowen-Jiezi,Book of Songs and so on,and the unearthed archaeological artifacts related to the"tiger-pig struggle"series,we can find that the ancient rituals of worshiping and sacrificing to the tiger is motivated by its ability to prey on wild pigs,wild deer and other agricultural pests and thereby effectively maintain the ecological balance.Consequently,the tiger was revered by the ancestors as the protection god of agriculture.The wonderful proposition by the Taoist master ZhuangZi that"the instinct of tiger and wolf is benevolent"highlights the characteristics of Chinese classical philosophy such as"equality of all things"and"harmony in diversity".It also presents valuable knowledge and experience and survival wisdom to the universal values of building a community of human destiny in today's world,thus deciphering the secret of national history in which we are rooted.

关 键 词：虎 虎神崇拜 《说文解字》 "二重证据法" 生态平衡 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]