历史性、现代性和建构性:对霍布斯鲍姆西方民族理论的探析与省思  

Historicity,Modernity and Constructivism:Exploring and Reflecting on Hobsbawm's Theoryof Nations

作　　者：林林 Lin Lin

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学马克思主义学院,350117

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2024年第2期227-241,248,共16页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：福建省社会科学基金项目“仪式文化铸牢中华民族共同体意识的功能及其实现研究”(FJ2022C093)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：霍布斯鲍姆是享誉国际的近代史大师,也是民族与民族主义研究领域的大家。他将历史的关照运用到民族问题的研究中,强调从历史变迁看待民族问题的“适时而变”。同时他也提出,关于民族历史和现在的描述只能立足于现代社会的特定条件。因为民族的基本特征是现代性,民族在时间上是现代产生的,民族政治和经济上的内容也是现代的。霍布斯鲍姆还阐释了民族形成和民族叙事“自上而下”的建构性,提出官方能够通过政治制度、行政体系、标准语言、宗教和“传统的发明”持续塑造人们的民族认同。霍布斯鲍姆关于民族问题的研究丰富了马克思主义民族理论,但其关于民族现代性和建构性的思想也受到诸多西方学者的批判。Hobsbawm,an internationally renowned scholar of modern history and a leading figure in the study of nations and nationalism,applied historical perspective to the study of nations emphasizing"change in time"in the light of historical transformation.At the same time,he also argued that the description of the history and present of nations can only be based on the specific conditions of modern society,as the fundamental characteristic of the nation is modernity,the nation is modern product and its political and economic content are also modern.Hobsbawm further explained the"top-down"constructed nature of nation formation and national narratives,proposing that the government can continuously shape people's national identities through political institutions,administrative systems,standard languages,religions,and the"invention of tradition".Hobsbawm's research on nations has enriched the Marxist theories of nations,but his ideas on the modernity and constructed nature of nations have also been criticized by many Western scholars.

关 键 词：霍布斯鲍姆 马克思主义民族理论 民族 现代性 建构性 

分 类 号：C95-06[社会学—民族学]