人类健康权的实现及其限制  

Realization and Limitations of the Human Right to Health

作　　者：王蔚[1] Wang Wei(Las School of China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政法论丛》2024年第3期58-72,共15页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“公共卫生法治体系研究”(22JZD016)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在公共卫生危机的背景下,每个人的健康都不可能是孤岛。以成本收益分析为方法的经济治理模式与以权利范式为中心旨在保护所有人健康权的法治治理模式逐渐成为公共健康治理的双重标准。人类整体对健康的诉求成为人类健康权形成的动因,但“人类”与“健康”均是较为复杂的概念,其准确的法律规范意涵和实施机制亟待探寻。我国《宪法》中本就有国家保护健康的明确规范,2018年“人类命运共同体”概念正式入宪,在规范层面进一步提供了重要的整体性支撑。但若将人类健康权看作法学上的规范概念,则还需要对国际和国内规范进行整合解释,以厘清其内部构造,明确其权利限制,进而对人类健康权在立法过程中遭遇的平衡困难、在公共决策中的跨代利益冲突以及司法救济机制中健康请求权的不确定性等限制因素进行识别并反思。In the context of the public health crisis,the health of each individual can not be an island.The economic model of governance,which uses cost-benefit analysis as its methodology,and the rule of law model of governance,which centers on the rights paradigm and aims to protect the right to health of all people,have gradually become the double standard of public health governance.The claim of the human race as a whole to health has become the driving force behind the formation of the human right to health.However,both“human beings”and“health”are complex concepts,and their precise legal normative meaning and implementation mechanisms need to be explored.China's Constitution contains clear norms for the protection of health by the state,and in 2018,the concept of“community of human destiny”was formally incorporated into the Constitution,which provides important holistic support at the normative level.However,if the human right to health is viewed as a normative concept in jurisprudence,an integrated interpretation of international and domestic norms is needed to clarify the internal normative constructs and to clarify the limitations in its implementation.Limitations such as the difficulty of balancing the human right to health encountered in the legislative process,the intergenerational conflict of interests in public policymaking,and the uncertainty of the right to health claims in judicial redress mechanisms are identified and reflected upon.

关 键 词：人类健康权 主观权利 人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]