从列宁到当代:左翼民粹主义的动态界定与接续批判  

From Lenin to the Present:The Dynamic Definition and Continued Criticism of Populism

作　　者：包大为 潘鑫 Bao Dawei;Pan Xin

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2024年第4期48-58,M0004,共12页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：“人民”话语的共性和差异使马克思主义与民粹主义之间始终存在一种张力。列宁以唯物史观还原和解构俄国民粹派的“人民”概念,在成功争取俄国社会的革命生力军的同时,也提供了马克思主义批驳民粹主义的思想资源。第二次世界大战之后,随着西方马克思主义在革命实践之外对新的理论源头的探求,民粹主义遂成为西方激进左翼的一种新的理论形态,其中拉克劳和墨菲的左翼民粹主义影响最为深远。以列宁为镜审视拉克劳和墨菲的左翼民粹主义,既能透视其在“告别列宁”后的理论失效和失落,亦能启发在“回归列宁”中勘定真正革命主体的尝试。The commonalities and differences in the discourse of"the people"have always created tension between Marxism and populism.Using historical materialism,Lenin deconstructed the Russian Populists'concept of"the people",and while successfully rallying the revolutionary forces within Russian society,he also provided Marxist resources to refute populism.After World War II,as Western Marxists sought new theoretical inspirations beyond revolutionary praxis,populism emerged as a new theoretical form among the radical left,with Laclau and Mouffe's left-wing populism being particularly influential.Examining Laclau and Mouffe's lef-wing populism through the lens of Lenin not only reveals its theoretical failures and losses after the"farewell to Lenin",but also inspires attempts to identify the true revolutionary subjects in the"return to Lenin".

关 键 词：拉克劳 列宁主义 左翼民粹主义 “后马克思主义” 人民 

分 类 号：A82[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]