面向灵活编组的城轨列车开行频率与时刻表综合优化  

Integrated optimization of train frequency and timetable for urban railway trains for flexible train composition

作　　者：钟林环 徐光明[1] 邓连波[1] 周文梁[1] 赵疆昀 霍云峰 ZHONG Linhuan;XU Guangming;DENG Lianbo;ZHOU Wenliang;ZHAO Jiangyun;HUO Yunfeng(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Tianjin Rail Transit Operation Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300380,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学,交通运输工程学院,长沙410075 [2]天津轨道交通运营集团有限公司,天津300380

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2024年第2期104-115,共12页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72171236);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30767)。

摘　　要：在城市轨道交通中,列车开行频率与时刻表在很大程度上决定着其运输服务水平。针对城市轨道交通客流时空分布不均衡的问题,本文采用灵活编组运营模式综合优化列车开行频率和时刻表,以达到运输能力供给与客流需求的精准匹配,保证乘客服务水平的同时降低企业运营成本。首先,通过列车运行线候选集的建模方法,考虑列车开行频率、安全间隔等约束,以乘客总等待时间和企业总运营成本最小化为目标,构建灵活编组模式下列车开行频率与时刻表综合优化混合整数非线性数学模型,对列车开行频率、列车编组方案和列车时刻表进行协同决策优化。其次,针对所构建模型非线性的特点,基于变邻域搜索算法框架构造3种邻域结构并结合动态客流加载仿真过程,设计了高效求解的启发式算法。最后,以某城轨线路的实际数据进行案例分析,验证所提模型和算法的有效性。算例结果表明:相较于固定编组运营模式,本文方法可在乘客平均等待时间仅增加0.26 min的情况下,降低约7.05%的运营成本;此外,相较于单一运营方案优化,在灵活编组模式下综合优化列车开行频率和时刻表能够进一步实现列车运输能力与乘客需求精准匹配,在保证乘客服务水平的同时降低运营成本;并且在实际应用中,运营企业还可根据运营目标合理设置权重系数,进一步平衡乘客服务水平与企业运营成本。In urban rail transit,train frequencies and timetables largely determine the levels of transportation service.To address the problem of imbalanced spatial and temporal distribution of passenger flow in urban rail transit,this study comprehensively optimizes urban railway train frequencies and timetables under a flexible composition operational mode.The optimization achieves accurate matching between the transportation capacity and passenger demand and guarantees the service level of passengers while reducing the operating costs of the enterprise.First,a train operational line candidate set is modeled considering train frequencies,safety intervals,and other constraints.Then,with the goal of minimizing the total waiting time of passengers and the total operating costs of the enterprise,we construct a mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model to address the integrated optimization problem.Second,based on the nonlinear characteristics of the model,a heuristic algorithm is designed for an efficient solution based on the framework of a variable neighborhood search algorithm.Specifically,in this framework,three types of neighborhood structures are designed and then combinedunder a simulation process of dynamic passenger loading.Finally,the proposed model and algorithm are validated using actual data from a city rail line as a case study.Results show that compared with the fixed composition mode,the proposed method can reduce operating costs by approximately 7.05%under the condition that the average waiting time of passengers increases by only 0.26 min,as this more effectively balancesthe level of passenger service and operating costs.In practical applications,operating companies can set the weighting coefficients according to their operational objectives and further balance the level of passenger service with the total operating costsof the enterprise.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 灵活编组模式 列车开行频率 时刻表 变邻域搜索算法 

分 类 号：U292[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]