一种面向孔定位的飞机壁板类零件修配多约束配准算法  

Surface Registration Algorithm of Aircraft Parts Assembly Based on Multiple Constraints

作　　者：韩汪涛 葛晓东 祝太福 张沅 邹春喜 方磊 HAN Wangtao;GE Xiaodong;ZHU Taifu;ZHANG Yuan;ZOU Chunxi;FANG Lei(AVIC Xi’an Aircraft Industry(Group)Company Ltd.,Xi’an 710089,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空工业集团西安飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,西安710089 [2]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210016

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报》2024年第3期432-437,共6页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

摘　　要：飞机壁板类零件在装配阶段需要进行精加工以满足装配精度要求,为了保证得到精确的加工路径和加工余量,需要将具有相互装配关系的零件进行虚拟配准。本文提出一种面向定位孔定位的飞机壁板类零件修整装配的多约束配准算法。首先根据零件实际装配情况,提出3项约束准则,包括定位孔位置约束、配合面距离最小约束和配合面距离均匀约束,并转换成相应的目标函数;然后将目标函数中待求参数进行微分变换并通过交替迭代梯度下降算法求得待求参数可行解。模拟实验验证和实际加工应用表明,本文方法针对零件配合面不同姿态的点云都能精确配准,并基于配准结果,可得到精确加工轨迹和余量,提升零件装配质量。As for the thin-walled parts of the aircraft in the assembly stage,high-precision finishing is required to meet the assembly accuracy requirements.In order to ensure accurate machining paths and allowance,it is necessary to register the parts with mutual assembly relationships.This paper proposes an algorithm for surface registration of aircraft parts assembly based on multiple constraints.First,according to the actual assembly situation of the parts,three constraint criteria are proposed and converted into the corresponding objective function.Then the parameters to be sought in the objective function are differentiated and the feasible solution of the parameters to be sought is obtained through the alternate gradient descent algorithm.Experimental verification shows that the proposed method can accurately register the point clouds of different poses of the mating surface of the part.Based on the registration result,accurate machining path and allowance can be obtained,which lead to better part assembly quality.

关 键 词：零件修配 三维测量 点云配准 微分变换 多约束配准 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]