活性可反应亚微米壳包覆CL-20及其性能表征  

CL-20 Coated by the Activated and Reactible Submicron Shell and Its Performances Characterization

作　　者：成雅芝 任慧[1] 常世隆 CHENG Ya-zhi;REN Hui;CHANG Shi-long(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第5期422-429,I0004,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21975024)。

摘　　要：为了获得高能低感的CL-20颗粒,采用喷雾干燥工艺改善CL-20原料的形貌,采用顺丁橡胶BR、微晶蜡和胶体石墨对CL-20/微纳复合铝粉进行钝感包覆,构建具有可反应活性、能量补强的包覆外壳,同时提升CL-20使用安全性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了包覆颗粒的表观形貌,编写MATLAB程序代码对SEM图像颗粒的长宽比和圆度值进行识别计算,表征其球形度,采用有机元素分析(EA)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析测试包覆颗粒中CL-20和铝粉的实际含量,采用X射线衍射(XRD)对包覆颗粒进行晶型结构分析,采用GJB方法对包覆颗粒的感度和爆热进行测试,并与CL-20原料进行了对比,采用差式扫描-热重-红外-质谱联用(DSC-TG-FTIR-MS)对包覆颗粒及其分解产物进行热分析。结果表明,制备得到的包覆颗粒粒径在10μm左右,球形度较高,长宽比为1.03,圆度值为0.91;包覆颗粒中CL-20和铝粉的实际含量分别为88.17%和7.76%;包覆颗粒的晶型为β-CL-20,摩擦感度为36%,撞击感度爆炸概率为38%,撞击感度特性落高为13.4 cm,降感效果明显;爆热值为5946 J/g,是CL-20原料(6073 J/g)的97.91%,能量损失不超过3%。In order to obtain high-energy and low-sensitivity CL-20 particles,spray drying process was used to improve the morphology of CL-20 raw materials.Butadiene rubber BR,microcrystalline wax and deflocculated graphite were used to coat CL-20/micro-nano composite aluminum powders to construct a reactive and energy-reinforced coating shell,improving the safety use of CL-20 simultaneously.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to observe the morphology of coated particles,and MATLAB program code was written to identify and calculate the length-width ratio and roundness value,thus characterizing their sphericity.Organic element analysis(EA)and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)were used to test the actual content of CL-20 and aluminum powders in the coated particles.The crystal structure of the coated particles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The sensitivity and heat of explosion were tested by the national military standard method and compared with those of CL-20 raw materials.The coated particles and their decomposition products were analyzed by differential scanning-thermogravimetric-fourier infrared-mass spectrometry(DSC-TG-FTIR-MS).The results show that the particle size of the prepared coated particles is about 10μm,the sphericity is high,the length-width ratio is 1.03,and the roundness value is 0.91.The actual contents of CL-20 and aluminum in the coated particles are 88.17%and 7.76%,respectively.The crystal shape of the coated particles isβ-CL-20.The explosion probability of friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity are 36%and 38%,respectively.The characteristic drop height of impact sensitivity is 13.4 cm,the sensitivity reduction is obvious.The heat of explosion is 5946 J/g,which is 97.91%of CL-20 raw material(6073 J/g),and the energy loss is not more than 3%.

关 键 词：物理化学 CL-20 可反应高活性 喷雾干燥 钝感包覆 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O69[理学—化学]