程序出罪的内涵重塑与判断标准  

Reshaping the Connotation and Criteria for Procedural Non-Prosecution

作　　者：吴桐[1] WU Tong(Law School of Minzu University of China,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院,北京100089

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第3期71-85,共15页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“犯罪治理现代化视域下公诉出罪问题研究”(23BFX026)。

摘　　要：随着犯罪治理多元化进程的加快,程序出罪的重要性日益凸显。如何在实体入罪的同时通过程序出罪实现犯罪治理多元化成为理论研究的重点课题。既有研究未能妥善解决程序出罪的概念共识问题,导致程序出罪的理论基础不清、适用范围不明、体系协调性不足。对此,应通过逐级分析“不入罪”与“出罪”,以及“实体出罪”与“程序出罪”的理念差异,凸显程序出罪的独立性。程序出罪的本质属性表现为因裁量性程序终止行为使行为人在法律意义上无罪。因存在犯罪阻却事由、法益恢复事由、证据不足、欠缺诉讼条件导致的法定性程序终止因不具有个案利益衡量特性,与程序出罪存在本质差异。在此基础上,应进一步明确程序出罪的判断标准,处理好不同属性利益之间的衡量问题,即制定不同出罪情节的叠加适用标准,以及出罪与入罪情节之间的冲突衡量标准。As the criminal legislative process accelerates,the importance of procedural non-prosecution becomes increasingly prominent.How to achieve diversified crime governance through procedural non-prosecution while maintaining substantive criminalization has become a key research topic.Existing studies have failed to adequately address the conceptual consensus issue of what is procedural non-prosecution,leading to unclear theoretical foundations,ambiguous scope of application,and insufficient systemic coordination.In response to this,it is necessary to analyze the conceptual differences between“non-prosecution”and“procedural non-prosecution”as well as between“substantive non-prosecution”and“procedural non-prosecution”in a hierarchical manner to highlight the independence of procedural non-prosecution.The essential attribute of procedural non-prosecution manifests as the termination of legal proceedings due to discretionary procedural acts,resulting in the defendant being legally innocent.This is fundamentally different from substantive non-prosecution,which arises from reasons such as crime prevention,restoration of legal interests,insufficient evidence,or lack of procedural prerequisites,as these lack the characteristic of individual interest assessment associated with procedural non-prosecution.Building upon this foundation,it is important to further clarify the criteria for determining procedural non-prosecution and to address the issue of balancing different interests.This involves establishing standards for the cumulative application of different non-prosecution circumstances and for assessing conflicts between non-prosecution and prosecution circumstances.

关 键 词：程序出罪 利益衡量 实质判断 不起诉权 判断标准 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]