哈尔滨市社区空巢老人生命质量现状及其影响因素  

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Life Quality of Empty-nest Elderly in Harbin Communities

作　　者：贺沙沙 温红娟 侯建明[3] 温扩 章雨婷 HE Shasha(College of Marxism,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,Jilin,130117,China)

机构地区：[1]长春中医药大学马克思主义学院,吉林长春130117 [2]长春中医药大学健康管理学院,吉林长春130117 [3]吉林大学东北亚研究院,吉林长春130012 [4]长春中医药大学中医学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第6期30-36,79,共8页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助重点项目,编号为21ARK003;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目,编号为15JJD810009;吉林省中医药管理局项目,编号为Zyzc-zy-2021-016;长春中医药大学2021年研究生培养创新示范项目,编号为2021KC20。

摘　　要：目的:了解哈尔滨市社区空巢老人生命质量现状及其影响因素,为提升空巢老人生命质量提供参考。方法:以健康生态学模型为框架制定问卷,选取哈尔滨市6个社区688名空巢老人为研究对象,于2023年3月-8月进行问卷调查,通过单因素分析、分层线性回归分析方法分析影响空巢老人生命质量的主要因素。结果:哈尔滨市社区空巢老人生命质量总分为(58.57±18.07)分。各维度得分依次为,社会关系领域(59.94±21.70)分、生理领域(59.79±19.96)分、心理领域(57.93±20.17)分、环境领域(56.91±19.96)分。回归分析结果显示,慢性病种数、锻炼情况、睡眠质量、抑郁情绪、社会支持、退休前工作类型、家庭人均月收入、基本医疗保险是社区空巢老人生命质量的影响因素(P<0.05)。模型的总解释度为46.5%,每层对应的回归模型均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:哈尔滨市社区空巢老人生命质量得分较低,受多重因素影响,空巢老人生理机能下降、情感需求未能满足,建议政府及社会各界应进一步从物质、精神、制度等多层面满足社区空巢老人的需求,从而提高其生命质量。Objective:To explore the current status of life quality among empty-nest elderly in the communities of Harbin and its influencing factors,aiming to provide references for enhancing their life quality.Methods:Based on the Health Ecology Model framework,a questionnaire was developed and administered to 688 empty-nest elderly individuals across six communities in Harbin from March to August 2023.The main factors affecting their life quality were analyzed using univariate analysis and stratified linear regression.Results:The average total score of life quality for the empty-nest elderly in Harbin's communities was 58.57±18.07.Scores in specific domains were as follows,social relationships,59.94±21.70;physiological,59.79±19.96;psychological,57.93±20.17;and environmental,56.91±19.96.Regression analysis revealed that the number of chronic diseases,exercise habits,sleep quality,depression status,social support,type of occupation before retirement,household per capita monthly income,and medical insurance coverage significantly influenced their life quality(P<0.05).The overall explanatory power of the model was 46.5%,with each layer's regression models showing statistical significance(P<0.001).Conclusion:The life quality of empty-nest elderly in Harbin's communities is relatively low and influenced by multiple factors.The decline in physiological functions and the unmet emotional needs indicate the need for the government and society to further satisfy the needs of empty-nest elderly from material,spiritual,and institutional dimensions to improve their life quality.

关 键 词：生命质量 空巢老人 影响因素 哈尔滨 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]