2020—2022年阿坝州饮茶型地氟病监测结果分析  

Analysis of the monitoring results of tea-drinking endemic fluorosis in Aba Prefecture from 2020 to 2022

作　　者：陈敬 吴刚 曹佳能 张霞[2] 汤大俊[1] CHEN Jing;WU Gang;CAO Jianeng;ZHANG Xia;TANG Dajun(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Aba Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Maerkang 624000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]阿坝州疾病预防控制中心,四川马尔康624000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第5期528-534,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：四川省疾病控制中心自立课题(项目编号:ZX202211)。

摘　　要：目的了解阿坝藏族羌族自治州(以下简称“阿坝州”)饮茶型地氟病流行现状,动态评价病区人群饮茶型地氟病流行趋势,及时掌握病区居民户合格砖茶普及情况,为采取针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法2020—2022年在阿坝州11个饮茶型地氟病病区,按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位各随机抽取1个病区乡/镇,在抽取的乡/镇中随机抽取1个病区村为监测点,开展饮用水氟含量和家庭饮用砖茶情况调查,并对当地8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙和25周岁以上成人氟骨症进行检查,所得数据采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果11个县未发现水氟含量超标;砖茶品种主要以茯砖(28.06%)和康砖(24.85%)为主,其次为马茶(22.31%)和其他(20.44%);共采集砖茶1497份,氟含量中位数为582.27 mg/kg(P25、P75分别为777.25 mg/kg、981.00 mg/kg),氟含量合格140份(合格率为9.35%);常住人口日均茶氟摄入量2.40 mg;8~12儿童氟斑牙检出率在4.51%~5.71%,平均检出率5.08%;2021年和2022年成人氟骨症检出率分别为19.80%和22.50%。结论阿坝州11个饮茶型地氟病病区砖茶氟含量超标,病情呈现儿童氟斑牙检出率低,成人氟骨症检出率高的特点,饮茶型地氟病流行于阿坝州。应持续加强阿坝州饮茶型地氟病的防治工作,同时建立健全低氟砖茶生产供应机制,加大健康教育力度,有效控制饮茶型地氟病危害。Objective To understand the prevalence of tea-drinking endemic fluorosis in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as“Aba Prefecture”),to dynamically evaluate the epidemic trend of tea-drinking endemic fluorosis in the affected areas,to timely grasp the popularization of qualified brick tea in the residents of the affected areas,and to provide scientific basis for taking targeted intervention measures.Methods From 2020 to 2022,one endemic township/town was randomly selected from the 11 tea-drinking endemic fluorosis areas in Aba Prefecture according to the 5 directions of east,west,south,north and middle,and one endemic village was randomly selected from the selected townships/towns as the monitoring point to investigate the fluorine content of drinking water and household drinking of brick tea.Dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years and skeletal fluorosis in adults aged 25 years and over were examined.The obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 27.0 software.The rates were compared by Chi-square test,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results No excessive fluorine content was found in water in the 11 counties.The main varieties of brick tea were Fu brick(28.06%)and Kang Brick(24.85%),followed by Ma tea(22.31%)and other(20.44%).A total of 1497 samples of brick tea were collected,and the median fluorine content was 582.27 mg/kg(P25and P75were 777.25 mg/kg and 981.00 mg/kg,respectively).There were 140 samples with qualified fluorine content,and the qualified rate was 9.35%.The average daily intake of tea fluoride in resident population was 2.40 mg.The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years ranged from 4.51%to 5.71%,and the average detection rate was 5.08%.The detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in adults in 2021and 2022 were 19.80%and 22.50%,respectively.Conclusions The fluorine content of brick tea in the 11 tea-drinking endemic fluorosis areas of Aba Prefecture exceeded the standard.The disease showed the characteristics of low detection rate of

关 键 词：饮茶 地氟病 砖茶 合格率 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]