3~6岁儿童在迷你独裁者游戏中的分配行为:群体身份的作用  

3~6 Year-Old Children’s Distribution in mini-dictator Games:The Role of Group Identity

作　　者：陈燕 张晶[2] 季燕 冷英[2] 刘昌[1] CHEN Yan;ZHANG Jing;JI Yan;LENG Ying;LIU Chang(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097 China;College of Educational Sciences,Nantong University,Nantong 226000 China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]南通大学教育科学学院,南通226000

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2024年第6期73-82,共10页Studies in Early Childhood Education

摘　　要：本文采用迷你独裁者博弈范式,考察在自我利益与他人利益冲突情境下,任务伙伴的群体身份对儿童分配行为的影响。比较在劣势(利他的不平等)博弈和优势(利己的不平等)博弈中,儿童对内群体成员(朋友)和外群体成员(陌生人)的分配行为。结果发现,群体身份影响分配行为,儿童对朋友比对陌生人表现出更多的平等分配行为;而这种内群体偏向作用主要在优势博弈中起作用,并且随着年龄增长而减弱。儿童对劣势不平等厌恶的程度高于优势不平等,当面对陌生人时,两种厌恶程度的差异随年龄增长而减弱。在教育过程中,首先应尊重不平等厌恶的客观发展规律,因势利导促进儿童平等分配意识的发展;其次,充分利用同伴资源,培养儿童的分享意识。Using the mini-dictator game paradigm,this study explored the influence of group identity of task partners on children’s distribution behavior in the context of conflict between self-interest and others’interest,and compared the distribution behavior of children to ingroup members(friends)and outgroup members(strangers)in the disadvantage(altruistic inequality)game and the advantage(egoistic inequality)game.It was found that group identity affected distribution behavior,and children showed more equal distribution behavior towards friends than strangers.The in-group favoritism mainly played in the advantage game,and weakened with age.Children’s intensity of disadvantage inequality aversion was higher than that of dominance inequality aversion,and when faced with strangers,the difference between the two inequality aversion intensity gradually weakened with age.In the process of cultivation,we should first respect the development law of inequality aversion,and promote the development of children’s awareness of fairness according to the situation.Secondly,we should make full use of peer resources to cultivate a sense of sharing.

关 键 词：儿童 分配行为 迷你独裁者游戏 群体身份 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]