中国活火山喷发物对航空安全的影响评估  

Assessment of the potential impact of eruption materials from active volcanoes in China on aviation safety

作　　者：马琳 郭正府[3,4,5] 宋文佳 赵文斌 MA Lin;GUO ZhengFu;SONG WenJia;ZHAO WenBin(Tianmushan Laboratory,Hangzhou 310023,China;Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044,China;GEOLAB,Hangzhou International Innovation Institute,Beihang University,Hangzhou 311115,China)

机构地区：[1]天目山实验室,杭州310023 [2]北京航空航天大学,北京100191 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,新生代地质与环境重点实验室,北京100029 [4]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [5]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [6]杭州市北京航空航天大学国际创新研究院,空间环境与行星科学实验室,杭州311115

出　　处：《岩石学报》2024年第7期2267-2286,共20页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划“一带一路”科技合作专项计划(132A11KYSB20200036);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ23E010003);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2024SSYS0080)联合资助。

摘　　要：火山活动对航空安全有着重要的影响。爆炸性火山喷发产生的火山灰可通过物理磨蚀和化学腐蚀的方式破坏飞机发动机的热障涂层,从而降低其服役寿命,影响飞行安全。我国分布有多座活火山,尤其是长白山、五大连池和腾冲火山区,地球物理和水热活动资料都显示其具有再次喷发的潜力。随着航空运输业在我国扮演着越来越重要的角色,这些火山一旦喷发将对我国空域范围内的飞行安全产生举足轻重的影响,因此评估这些火山对航空安全可能的影响具有重要的现实意义。本文利用收集和测试的共2275组地球化学数据,借助硅酸盐熔体黏度模型计算了发动机燃烧室最低运行温度1200℃下不同火山区不同时期的火山喷发物的黏度,评估了长白山、五大连池、镜泊湖、龙岗、双辽、腾冲和环太平洋火山区不同阶段的火山活动对飞行安全可能的影响。研究结果表明微量元素Co、V、Ni和Cr的含量与体系黏度呈负相关关系,而Rb含量则与体系黏度呈正相关关系。东北地区火山区(包括长白山、五大连池、镜泊湖、龙岗和双辽)和西南地区腾冲火山区黏度分别自0.52Ma和1.05Ma开始具有明显下降的趋势,环太平洋火山区黏度在10^(0.70)~10^(5.90)Pa·s范围内周期性波动,自18Ma以来,呈现波动下降的趋势。黏度的下降意味着喷发物被发动机摄取之后更容易铺展,从而增大与热障涂层间的接触面积,加大破坏涂层的可能性,这表明位于我国密集航线上的东北地区、西南地区以及环太平洋火山区的火山活动对航空安全的威胁都呈上升趋势。本文为不同区域、不同年龄的火山喷发物对航空安全影响的评估提供了定性比较的参数,同时也为国际航空安全决策提供了来自中国火山区数据的参考。Volcanic activity can have a significant impact on aviation safety.The volcanic ash produced by explosive volcanic eruptions can damage the thermal barrier coatings of aircraft engines through physical abrasion and chemical corrosion,thereby reducing their service life and affecting flight safety.There are several active volcanoes in China,notably Changbaishan,Wudalianchi,and the Tengchong volcanic areas.The data of geophysical and hydrothermal activities indicate the potential eruptions in the future.As the aviation transport industry becomes increasingly significant in China s economy,eruptions from these volcanoes could have profound impacts on flight safety within China s airspace.Thus,assessing the potential impact of these volcanoes on aviation safety is of great practical significance.This paper utilizes 2275 sets of geochemical data collected and analyzed,applying a silicate melt viscosity model to determine the viscosities of volcanic materials at different periods for various volcanic regions at the minimum operating temperature of 1200℃in jet engine combustion chambers.It assesses the potential impact on aviation safety from volcanoes in Changbaishan,Wudalianchi,Jingpohu,Longgang,Shuangliao,Tengchong,and the Circum-Pacific regions.The results show that the contents of trace elements Co,V,Ni,and Cr are negatively correlated with the silicate viscosities,while Rb content is positively correlated.The viscosities of the volcanic regions(including Changbaishan,Wudalianchi,Jingpohu,Longgang and Shuangliao)in Northeast China and the Tengchong volcanic region in Southwest China have shown a significant decreasing trend from 0.52Ma and 1.05Ma,respectively.The viscosities in the Circum-Pacific volcanic region fluctuate periodically within the range of 10^(0.70)~10^(5.90) Pa·s,typically showing a fluctuating downward trend since 18Ma.The decrease in viscosity implies that the volcanic materials,once ingested by jet engines,are more likely to spread and increase the contact area with the thermal barrier coating

关 键 词：航空安全 活火山 硅酸盐 黏度 动力熔融 

分 类 号：P317[天文地球—固体地球物理学]