不同栽培基质毛木耳品质分析与评价  

Quality and evaluation of Auricularia cornea on differentcultivation substrates

作　　者：罗阳兰 王灿琴[1] 胡秀月 赵承刚 黄丽玲 陈丽新[1] 覃晓娟[3] 陈振妮[1] 黄世旅[1] 陈平 LUO Yang-lan;WANG Can-qin;HU Xiu-yue;ZHAO Cheng-gang;HUANG Li-ling;CHEN Li-xin;QIN Xiao-juan;CHEN Zhen-ni;HUANG Shi-lü;CHEN Ping(Microbiology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Tianlin County Economic Crop Station,Baise,Guangxi 533300,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Guangxi Wuxiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Baise,Guangxi 533300,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院微生物研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]田林县经济作物站,广西百色533300 [3]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [4]广西五象实业有限公司,广西百色533300

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第3期865-877,共13页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1902803-4);科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动项目(桂农科盟202308);广西田林特色作物试验站建设项目(桂TS2022017)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究以桉木屑、桉树皮和杂木屑为基质栽培的毛木耳品质差异,为桉木屑或桉树皮应用于食用菌栽培提供科学参考。【方法】以不同基质(桉木屑、桉树皮和杂木屑)栽培的毛木耳为供试材料,分析其主要农艺性状、氨基酸组成及质构特性,采用相关分析和主成分分析综合评价不同栽培基质毛木耳品质。【结果】不同栽培基质的毛木耳菌丝开始吃料时间和菌丝生长速度差异不显著(P>0.05),以桉木屑和桉树皮为主料的配方中菌丝浓密、白、粗壮。与桉树皮和杂木屑栽培基质相比,以桉木屑为基质栽培的毛木耳第1潮产量分别显著提高6.95%和14.94%(P<0.05,下同),第2潮产量分别显著提高19.48%和62.83%,总产量分别显著提高11.62%和30.23%,第1潮耳的耳片长度、宽度和厚度,以及耳片泡发稳定性均有明显提高,且菌包污染率最低,为1.48%。3种基质(桉木屑、桉树皮和杂木屑)栽培的毛木耳均检测到17种氨基酸,包括7种必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸含量占比分别为44.04%、41.49%和41.89%,均高于联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)模式而低于卵清蛋白模式,第一限制性氨基酸均为赖氨酸,同时3种基质栽培的毛木耳均富含多种呈味氨基酸,其中苦味氨基酸含量最高;依据氨基酸评价标准,以桉木屑为基质栽培的毛木耳氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最大,分别为58.00和86.19,其氨基酸组成更接近全鸡蛋蛋白,营养价值更高;质构特性表明桉木屑栽培的毛木耳硬度(50.24 N)、内聚性(0.535)、弹性(0.866 mm)、胶黏性(29.89 N)和咀嚼性(23.94 mJ)最优;不同栽培基质毛木耳部分品质指标含量之间具有显著或极显著(P<0.01)相关性;主成分分析结果显示,3种栽培基质的毛木耳品质由高到低为桉木屑>桉树皮>杂木屑。【结论】以桉木屑为基质栽培的毛木耳营养价值和食用品质更高,可作为毛木耳�【Objective】To study the quality differences of Auricularia cornea cultivated with eucalyptus sawdust,eucalyptus bark and miscellaneous sawdust,respectively.This study would provide a theoretical basis for the application of eucalyptus sawdust and eucalyptus bark in the edible fungi cultivation.【Method】The fruiting body of A.cornea cultivated with different substrates(eucalyptus sawdust,eucalyptus bark and miscellaneous sawdust)were used as the test material to investigate the main agronomic traits,amino acid composition and texture properties,respectively.The quality of A.cor‐nea in different cultivation substrates was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】There were no significant differences in the start time of colonization and mycelium growth rate of A.cornea from different cultivation substrates(P>0.05),and the mycelium was dense,white,and thick on substrates of eucalyptus sawdust and eucalyptus bark.Compared with the cultivation substrate of eucalyptus bark and miscellaneous sawdust,the first tide yields of A.cornea cultivated on eucalyptus sawdust significantly increased by 6.95%and 14.94%(P<0.05.the same below),and the second tide yields significantly increased by 19.48%and 62.83%,and the total yields significantly increased by 11.62%and 30.23%,respectively.The length,width,thickness,and soaking stability of A.cornea in the first tide of fruiting body were greatly improved.The lowest contamination rate of A.cornea cultivated with eucalyptus sawdust was 1.48%.The fruiting bodies obtained from three substrates(eucalyptus sawdust,eucalyptus bark and miscellaneous sawdust)contained 17 amino acids,of which 7 amino acids were essential,with 44.04%,41.49%and 41.89%accounting for total amino acids,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids in fruiting bodies under the experiment were higher than that of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO)model,but lower than that of ovalbumin model.Lys

关 键 词：毛木耳 栽培基质 农艺性状 氨基酸评价 质构特性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]