中国盾构隧道工程关键技术的新进展综述  

Recent Advances in Key Technologies of Shield Tunnel Engineering in China

作　　者：钱七虎 胡小强[2] 李树忱 陈健[4,5] 竺维彬 QIAN Qihu;HU Xiaoqiang;LI Shuchen;CHEN Jian;ZHU Weibin(Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China;China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;China Railway 14 Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250101,Shandong,China;CRCC Underwater Tunnel Engineering Laboratory,Jinan 250101,Shandong,China;Guangzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510330,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学,江苏南京210007 [2]中国科学院金属研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [3]中国矿业大学,江苏徐州221116 [4]中铁十四局集团有限公司,山东济南250101 [5]中国铁建水下隧道工程实验室,山东济南250101 [6]广州地铁集团有限公司,广东广州510330

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2024年第5期897-926,I0004-I0033,共60页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：泰山产业领军人才工程专项经费资助(tscx202306015)。

摘　　要：从研究背景与思路、机制/原理、材料/装备、技术论证、试验研究、工程应用等方面介绍中国大直径盾构掘进主轴承事故分析及国产主轴承的自主研发、盾构隧道工程安全高效掘进渣土适配性改良技术及配套材料、盾尾安全保障核心材料研发、盾构隧道新型管片连接技术、城市隧道三模掘进机关键技术等5个方面关键技术的最新进展情况。认为:1)自主研制的超大型盾构机用直径8.01 m主轴承大型套圈纯净度、大型滚子纯净度、大型套圈疲劳性能、大型滚子硬度均匀性、套圈材料淬透性和淬硬层深度、保持架焊缝疲劳寿命和拉断力均优于进口水平;构建了真实对数曲线大型滚子设计方法,突破了高精度大型滚子加工技术,处于国际先进水平,高精度加工和装配保证了零件尺寸精度及形位公差均满足设计要求;通过产品验收、装机应用论证和工程应用,表明应用该大直径主轴承不会产生接触疲劳强度不足和微动引起的疲劳磨损,可用于超大直径盾构隧道工程建设。2)针对黏性、富水砂性和硬岩等复杂地层,以改善岩土环境为核心,研发出了高配向密度的聚合型泡沫剂、高分子抗黏剂、喷涌防止剂和耐磨抑尘剂等环保型系列渣土改良剂,形成了盾构泥饼、喷涌和磨损原位改良主动防控技术,建立了通用地层适配性盾构渣土动态改良技术体系,保障了盾构安全高效掘进。3)针对盾构掘进过程中的盾尾密封失效难题,研发了“黏-稠-流”有机统一的新型盾尾密封油脂,温度敏感性低(黏温系数0.4)、抗水压能力强(最高抗水压3.5 MPa),整体性能提高1.3倍,为盾尾安全提供了有力保障;针对盾构同步注浆浆液泌水、离析和地层沉降难题,研发出了同步注浆充填剂,优化了惰性充填浆液配比,30 min零泌水,实现了壁后惰性充填,保障了管片壁后注浆质量和地层沉降精细化控制。4)新型The authors provide an overview of the latest progress in five key technologies of shield tunnel engineering in China,including accident analysis of the main bearing during large-diameter shield tunneling and independent R&D of domestic main bearings,muck adaptability improvement technology and supporting materials for efficient tunneling in shield tunnel engineering,safety technology and materials for shield tail seal,new segment connection technology for shield tunnel engineering,and key technologies of three-mode boring machine in urban tunnel engineering.The overview covers research background and methodology,mechanisms/principles,materials/equipment,technical verification,experimental research,and engineering applications.It is concluded that:(1)In terms of the purity of large rings and rollers,fatigue performance of the large ring,hardness uniformity of the large roller,hardenability and depth of hardening layer of the ring material,as well as the fatigue life and tensile breaking force of the retainer welds,the independently developed main bearings with a diameter of 8.01 m for super large shield are superior to the imported counterparts.The design method of large roller with real logarithmic curve is established,achieving a breakthrough in high-precision large roller processing technology and reaching an internationally advanced level.The high-precision assembly ensures that the dimensional accuracy and geometrical tolerance of parts meet the design requirements.Through product acceptance,installation application demonstrations,and engineering applications,it has been demonstrated that the use of this large-diameter main bearing does not lead to insufficient contact fatigue strength or fretting fatigue wear.Therefore,this kind of main bearing can be used in the super-large-diameter shield tunnel engineering.(2)In order to improve the rock-soil environment,focusing on complex strata such as cohesive strata,sandy strata,and hard rock strata,a series of environmentally-friendly muck conditioners has been dev

关 键 词：盾构隧道 大直径 主轴承 渣土适配性改良 盾尾密封 管片连接 三模掘进机 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]