中国企业数字化进程的典型事实——来自中国企业创新创业调查的证据  

Stylized Facts about Digitalization Processes of Chinese Enterprises——Evidence from ESIEC

作　　者：戴若尘 冯悦 丁睿 马雪俨 梁延东[1] Ruochen Dai;Yue Feng;Rui Ding;Xueyan Ma;Yandong Liang(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China;Department of Sociology,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [3]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《经济管理学刊》2024年第2期55-82,共28页Quarterly Journal of Economics and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72342031、72203252);“中央财经大学青年科研创新团队支持计划”对本文研究的资助。

摘　　要：企业数字化转型是数字技术与实体经济相结合的主要方式,也是实现产业升级和培育新质生产力的明确要求。但是,目前学术界仍然缺乏对于广泛中小企业数字化转型发展水平的定量评估。本文利用北京大学企业大数据研究中心开展的中国企业创新创业调查获得的一手数据,定量描述了中国企业互联网使用、数字化管理、线上业务分工、数字化机器四项数字技术的采用情况,并使用欧美国家相似调研数据进行国际比较,进而总结当前中国企业数字化转型的典型事实。本文具有如下发现:第一,中国企业在经营活动中已经普遍采用了数字技术,但数字化进程仍然具有区域、行业差异;第二,中国企业的互联网使用和数字化管理的采用仍然落后于欧美国家,但电子商务和短视频媒体的采用处于领先地位;第三,规模越大、年龄越小、员工工资越高的企业开展数字化转型的概率越高;第四,中老年企业家由于缺乏数字技术相关知识而更难开展数字化转型。本文为中国在新发展阶段进一步加快产业数字化转型升级,特别是中小企业数字化赋能等专项行动,提供了有益的政策参考。Digitalization is a critical fac tor in the modernization of traditional industries,but there is still a lack of quantitative assessment of the current level of digitalization in China s universal enterprises in academia.Specifically,it is unclear whether Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs),which account for 90%of registered firms and 80%of urban employees,have adopted any digital technologies.The paper titled‘Stylized Facts about Digitalization Processes of Chinese Enterprises—Evidence from the Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China aims to answer the question of which digital technologies Chinese enterprises adopt and how these technologies impact their business.It also aims to explore why some firms choose to conduct digital transformation while others do not.The study is based on the Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China(ESIEC)conducted by the Peking University s Center for Enterprise Research.The Center for Enterprise Research designed the ESIEC 2023 questionnaire to collect information on t he use of various digital technologies by sample enterprises.The questionnaire was informed by academic literature and surveys conducted in Europe and the United States.The collected results can be categorized into the following four types of digital technologies:①The term‘Internet’refers to various online platforms such as e-commerce,self-owned websites,and apps that are primarily used for external operations.②‘Digital management’pertains to electronic data storage and professional business software that are primarily used for internal management.③The‘Online business division’includes cloud services and internet outsourcing.④‘Digital machines’refer to CNC machine tools and industrial robots that are primarily used in manufacturing enterprises.ESIEC 2023 collects micro-survey data at the enterprise level through stratified sampling and interviewer field surveys.The sample includes all registered companies and individual households in the past six

关 键 词：企业数字化转型 中小企业 数字技术 国际比较 调查研究 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]