基于改进灰度重心法的轨道扣件重构与故障诊断  

Reconstruction of Rail Fasteners and Fault Diagnosis Based on ImprovedGrayscale Gravity Center Method

作　　者：肖圳 孙世政[1] 郑天成 庞珂 魏子杰 Xiao Zhen;Sun Shizheng;Zheng Tiancheng;Pang Ke;Wei Zijie(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第8期85-93,共9页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52105542);“成渝地区双城经济圈建设”科技创新项目(KJCX2020032);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJZD-K202200705)。

摘　　要：针对轨道扣件表面结构复杂导致的线结构光照射分布不均匀问题,研究了一种基于改进灰度重心法的光条中心线提取方法,精准重构了轨道扣件点云模型。基于点云模型提取了轨道扣件的结构特征信息,建立了轨道扣件缺陷检测组合分类器模型,实现了轨道扣件的弹条缺失、扣件歪斜、螺母缺失等缺陷检测。研究了基于表面法向量的螺母上平面解析方法,通过螺母松动测量实验实现了轨道扣件的松动检测。搭建了扣件故障诊断实验平台并开展了相关实验研究,实验结果表明,系统扣件故障检出率达到96%,扣件松紧度测量的总体误差低于0.2 mm,扣件故障诊断系统的检测效果和鲁棒性较好,对列车安全运行具有重要的现实意义。Objective The status detection of track fasteners is an important task in railway facility inspection and maintenance.Fastener failures mainly manifest in defects such as missing,damage,incorrect installation of fastener components,and looseness of fasteners.Faulty fasteners can cause changes in track parameters,posing significant safety hazards.Therefore,strengthening the status detection of track fasteners has important practical significance for ensuring the safe operation of trains.At present,many researchers have conducted fault diagnosis research on fastener status based on 2D and 3D images.The fault detection of fasteners based on 2D images is greatly affected by factors such as lighting conditions,environmental background,and the ability to identify small defects in fasteners;moreover,depth information is not available,making it difficult to detect the tightness of fasteners.The detection accuracy based on 3D image data is low and there is a single detection parameter.Research in this area is relatively limited and immature.Based on line-structured light for detection,the distribution of the light strip modulated by the surface of the track fastener is scattered and affected by different environmental light intensities and surface stains of the fastener.Existing methods for extracting the centerline of line-structured light cannot simultaneously consider universality,accuracy,and robustness,making it difficult to accurately extract the centerline of the light strip.The reconstructed point cloud model of the fastener has many noisy points and poor accuracy,which makes it difficult to diagnose fastener faults.Therefore,this article reports on a light strip centerline extraction method and fastener fault diagnosis method suitable for precise reconstruction of track fasteners.The objective is to realize high0804003-precision and high-robustness fault diagnosis of track fasteners,timely eliminating safety hazards and ensuring reliable service of fasteners and safe operation of trains.Methods In response to the

关 键 词：测量 三维图像处理 轨道扣件 线结构光 中心线提取 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TP274[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]