数字技术、权力失衡与全球南方产业发展的困境  

Digital Technologies,Power Imbalances and the Predicament of Industrial Development in the Global South

作　　者：秦北辰 QIN Beichen

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际与地区研究院,北京100084 [2]马尼拉雅典耀大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2024年第3期80-103,I0004,I0005,共26页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：清华大学国际与地区研究院课题“东南亚产业发展与价值链重构研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：如何在数字技术迅速进步的背景下推进产业发展,是全球南方国家经济现代化进程中的核心议题。现有研究大多关注数字技术对生产与组织方式的影响,尚未系统论及生产活动背后的权力关系。事实上,近年来的技术变革加剧了跨国分工生产中的权力失衡,进而给全球南方的产业发展带来了新的困境。数字技术的进步显著加强了知识产权、商标、数据等无形资产在生产中的重要性,在现有的国际制度环境中不对称地提升了发达国家跨国企业的权力。在此背景下,跨国分工生产日渐出现三个壁垒分明且利润水平差距极大的层次,而全球南方国家的企业乃至政府很难获得足够的资源与机会向上升级,极有可能长期困于附加值最低的层次。在国际发展治理改革缺位的情况下,全球南方难以全面摆脱困境,但一些南方国家仍能通过扩展与中国的发展合作获得更大的生产规模、更多的升级机会与更高的利润空间。How to promote industrial development in the context of rapid advancement in digital technology is a core issue in the economic modernization process of Global South countries.Existing research mainly focuses on the impact of digital technology on production and organizational methods,but has yet to systematically address the power dynamics behind production activities.In fact,recent technological changes have exacerbated power imbalances in transnational production,thereby bringing new challenges to industrial development in the Global South.The progress of digital technology has significantly enhanced the importance of intangible assets(such as intellectual property rights,trademarks,and data)in production.Given the existing international institutional environment,the progress has thus asymmetrically empoweredtransnational corporations from developed countries.Against such backdrop,in the transnational division of labor,there has emerged three profit levels with clear barriers and significant differences,making it difficult for enterprises and even governments in Global South countries to obtain sufficient resources and opportunities for upgrading,probably leading to these countries'long-term confinement to the lowest value-added levels.In the absence of reforms in international development governance,while the Global South struggles to fully overcome these challenges,some Southern countries can still expand their production scale,obtain more opportunities for upgrading,and access higher profit margins through cooperating with China.

关 键 词：数字技术 产业发展 第四次工业革命 人工智能 全球南方 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易] F49[经济管理—世界经济]