李白诗中“自称词”的使用情况及文学意义  

The Use of Self-addressing Terms in Li Bai's Poems and Its Literary Significance

作　　者：辛晓娟[1] Xin Xiaojuan(School of Chinese Classics,Renmin University,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期53-62,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：李白诗中的自称词为初盛唐诗人中最高者。自称词的巧妙使用,强调了诗人的主体性,增强了自我与现实社会、自然万物及理想世界间的联系,呈现出高昂的主体精神。通过将“我”与不同类型的“大言”并置,彰显了诗人试图以我为主、重构社会秩序的意图;自称词的使用打破主客体关系,将自我的情感及内部生命力灌注于外物,实现了主体对客体的主导;对自我的反复称谓,打破彼岸之界,消解主体生命有限与客体宇宙无穷的矛盾,实现对生命的超越;将文赋中自称词的用法引入诗歌,打破了文体界限,体现出“破体相参”创作自觉。Self-addressing terms appeared around four hundred times in Li Bai's(李白)poems,and he used self-addressing terms more than all the other poets from the Early to the Heyday of the Tang Dynasty.His clever use of self-addressing terms emphasized his subjectivity as a poet,enhancing the connections of his self with the real society,the myriad existences in nature,and the ideal world.And this clever use also embodied an elevated sense of subject spirit.Specifically,this paper will focus on four points.First,through a juxtaposition of“I”and various types of“grand words”(大言),this paper presents the poet's intention to take the initiative and reconstruct social order.Second,this paper argues that Li Bai broke off the relation between the subject and the object with the use of self-addressing terms,and infused his self-emotion and inner vitality into the outside world,thus realizing the dominance of the object by the subject.Third,by means of repeatedly addressing his self,Li Bai broke the boundary of the other world,resolving the contradiction between the limitedness of the subject life and the endlessness of the object universe,thus fulfilling a transcendence of life.Fourth,by introducing the usages of self-addressing terms from Wen Fu(文赋)into poetic writing,Li Bai broke the boundary of genres,which demonstrated his creative self-awareness of“breaking the boundary of genres and letting them joining in each other”.

关 键 词：李白 自称词 自我 主体精神 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]