近代乡村土地、收入与消费不平等的综合考察——以满铁调查为例  

A Comprehensive Examination of Modern Rural Inequality in Land,Income and Consumption--Based on the Survey Conducted by the South Manchuria Railways Company

作　　者：林展[1] Lin Zhan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期94-108,244,共16页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：香港研究资助局卓越研究计划(AoE/B-704/22-R)。

摘　　要：已有对近代乡村不平等的研究主要关注地权分配,很少关注收入、消费分配,特别是同时讨论三者之间的关系。利用满铁调查32个村庄的数据,发现从户均角度看,土地不平等的变动对收入不平等和消费不平等的变动有一定的解释力,收入不平等的变动对消费不平等的变动则有较大的解释力。但从人均角度看,土地不平等对收入不平等和消费不平等的解释力以及收入不平等对消费不平等的解释力都很有限。另外,也发现土地租佃市场和借贷市场的发展,有助于减少收入和消费的不平等。Existing studies on modern rural inequality have mainly discussed the distribution of land rights,with little attention paid to the distribution of income and consumption,especially the relationship between the three at the same time.Using data from 32 villages surveyed by the South Manchuria Railways Company(SMR),from the per household perspective,changes in land inequality have some explanatory power for changes in income inequality and consumption inequality,and changes in income inequality have greater explanatory power for changes in consumption inequality.However,from a per capita perspective,the explanatory power of land inequality on income inequality and consumption inequality and the explanatory power of income inequality on consumption inequality are both limited.Also,land tenancy markets and rural credit markets are found to help reduce income and consumption inequality.

关 键 词：地权分配 收入不平等 消费不平等 基尼系数 近代乡村 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K25[历史地理—历史学]