观龙渊之五色,视泰阿之清明:汉简《相剑刀》新论  

Watching the Five Colors of Long Yuan,Seeing the Clarity of Tai E:New Explanation on the Volume Xiang Jian Dao in Chinese Wooden Slips of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：刘钊[1,2] 康博文 Liu Zhao;Kang Bowen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学出土文献与古文字研究中心,上海200433 [2]复旦大学“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台,上海200433

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期203-223,247,共22页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“中国出土典籍的分类整理与综合研究”(20VJXT018)。

摘　　要：汉简《相剑刀》可能并不表明汉代的刀剑情况,应该是延续春秋战国时期吴越之地相剑传统的一些观念和说法的相剑书,也可能是相关思想和知识层累形成的形法书。简文中相关字词的解读,可结合吴越地区的青铜铸剑术及实物重新加以审视。如“白坚”“黑坚”“逢”,很可能是就复合剑而言的,“白坚”指复合剑的剑刃,“黑坚”则是指剑脊,“逢”读为“缝”,指两部分相接处;“生如黍粟状”谓氧化蚀坑,具有抗腐作用;“有文”而不“在坚中”,反映的是金属膏剂涂层或鎏金等剑表纹饰工艺;“之日中,骍”是说铸剑的含铜量过高;“县薄文”可能指菱形暗格纹。此外简文的“报”应读为“复”,“遂”当用为“逐”,“合”应训为“对”,“敝合人”即剑之敝会和人相应,妨害带剑人的意思。未识字可释作“谯”,是说剑的外观看上去枯薧、憔悴等。The content of the volume Xiang Jian Dao相剑刀in Chinese wooden slips might not indicate the situation of swords in the Han Dynasty,but should be a book that continues some concepts and sayings of the sword-judging tradition in the Wu and Yue areas during the Eastern Zhou period,or it may be a book of xingfa(形法)formed by layers of related ideas and knowledge.The interpretation of the relevant words in the text could be re-examined in the context of the bronze sword casting in the Wu and Yue region.For example,baijian(白坚),heijian(黑坚)and feng(逢),probably pointed to composite swords,where baijian referred to the blade and heijian referred to the spine.Feng(逢)should be read as feng(缝)which meant the place where the two parts meet.Millet-like rust(生如黍栗状)represented oxidation and corrosion pits,which had anti-corrosion effects.Patterns on the surface reflected the decoration method named tin-rich paste coating.Xing(驿)implied that the sword is too high in copper.Xuanbowen(县薄文)might refer to similar lozenge pattern seen on the sword of Yue Prince Gou Jian.In addition,the word bao(报)should be read as fu(复),sui(遂)should be used as zhu(逐),he(合)should be comprehended as dui(对),and bi he ren(合人)meant that the sword's drawbacks will harm its owner.The unknown character could be interpreted as qiao(谯).It showed the appearance of the sword looks withered and emaciated.

关 键 词：汉简《相剑刀》册 吴越 青铜铸剑术 复合剑 形法 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学]