南海渔业资源状况及其管理挑战  

Fishery resources status and their management challenges in the South China Sea

作　　者：田思泉[1,2,3] 柳晓雪 花传祥 王寅[1,2,3] 杜涣洋 TIAN Siquan;LIU Xiaoxue;HUA Chuanxiang;WANG Yin;DU Huanyang(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,China Oceanic Fisheries Data Center,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2024年第3期786-798,共13页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901404)。

摘　　要：通过归纳南海各渔业区的渔业资源特点及国内渔业管理现状,总结了当前南海渔业资源及其管理面临的主要问题。南海为我国渔业资源最富饶的海域之一,然而南海北部渔业区重要经济种类正面临资源开发过度的严峻形势。南海外海开发潜力巨大,但迫切需要及时丰富和优化渔业资源调查评估和手段。有关南海目前的渔业管理现状,休渔制度的实行使得开捕后的多种主要经济物种资源有所恢复,但效果有限,仍需未来更多的研究和调查数据来论证休渔制度的效果。人类活动、气候变暖及海洋酸化、资源评估手段较为单一和落后等问题,为南海渔业资源的管理和养护带来巨大挑战。制定合理的渔业资源养护和管理措施,开展持续的资源调查以及引入合适的资源评估手段,对实现南海渔业资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。This paper outlines the principal challenges confronting fisheries resources and their management in the South China Sea through summarizing resource characteristics in each fisheries zone.It is evident that the South China Sea stands as China's most productive sea in terms of fisheries resources.Nevertheless,economically significant species in the northern fisheries zone are currently facing a critical issue of resource over-exploitation.Conversely,there is substantial development potential in the outer sea.In the South China Sea's current fisheries management,the fishing moratorium system has restored major economic species before reopening.Yet,its impact is limited,necessitating additional research and survey data to conclusively assess its effectiveness.Future studies are imperative for a comprehensive evaluation of the moratorium system's ability to sustain fisheries resource rehabilitation.The management and conservation of fishery resources face substantial challenges due to human activities,climate warming,ocean acidification,reliance on outdated stock assessment methods,etc.Achieving sustainable use of fishery resources in the South China Sea is of great significance,and this can be accomplished through developing reasonable measures for the conservation and management of fishery resources,conducting comprehensive resource surveys,and employing appropriate methods for stock assessment.

关 键 词：南海 渔业资源 资源评估 管理措施 挑战 

分 类 号：S937.0[农业科学—渔业资源]