汉语高功能自闭症儿童词汇语义加工中的空间象似效应——兼与图片知觉加工的比较  

Spatial Iconicity in Lexical Semantic Processing of Mandarin-Speaking Children with High Functioning Autism:Compared with Perceptual Processing

作　　者：宋宜琪[1] 朱楚城 梁丹丹[1] Song Yiqi;Zhu Chucheng;Liang Dandan(School of Chinese Language and Culture,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第3期554-561,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目(23YYB009);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(19YJC740068)的资助。

摘　　要：研究考察了5~7岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童词汇语义加工中空间经验的激活情况。实验选取了隐含典型方位特征的物体,要求儿童将写有物体名称的词卡和画有物体图形的图卡放置在垂直空间的上方或下方。结果显示,在摆放词卡时,正常发展儿童表现出空间象似效应,倾向于将词卡放在与隐含方位信息一致的位置,而高功能自闭症儿童则随机放置词卡;在摆放图卡时,虽然两组儿童的表现均好于摆放词卡,但是高功能自闭症儿童表现出的空间象似效应仍差于正常发展儿童。研究结果表明高功能自闭症儿童在符号加工和知觉加工中利用空间经验的能力均存在缺陷。Spatial experience plays an important role in semantic processing.There is a large body of evidence proposing a close link between language and space in both adults'and children's brains.Specifically,when processing words referring to objects that typically occur in the upper or lower sphere of our world(e.g.,upper sphere:"moon";lower sphere:"puddle"),the spatial experiences will be activated,and attention will be shifted toward the objects'typical locations.That is how the spatial iconicity plays its role in lexical processing.The involvement of spatial iconicity in lexical processing supports the model of embodied language processing.Language impairments are salient features of autism spectrum disorders(ASD).Moreover,the atypical semantic processing has been well-depicted in individuals with autism.From the perspective of embodied language processing,previous studies have reported that adults with autism showed reduced activation in motor experience in language comprehension.However,the performance of children with ASD has not been examined.The current study was designed to address the question that whether children with highfunctioning autism(HFA)will activate spatial experience during lexical processing.A 2(participant group:HFA vs.typically developing children)×2(stimulation form:word vs.picture)×2(the objects'typical locations:upper vs.lower)×2(stimulation location:upper vs.lower)mixed design was conducted.Sixty-four children with HFA and 64 typically developing(TD)children who were included in the final analysis were matched by chronological age,verbal IQ,nonverbal IQ,and full-scale IQ.All children are between 5 and 7 years of age.Objects with typical location were selected for the study.Half of the children were asked to put cards with object nouns in two boxes placed vertically and the other half of the children needed to put cards with object pictures into the two boxes.After completing the experimental task described above,the subjects were asked to directly state the spatial locations of the object

关 键 词：高功能自闭症儿童 空间象似效应 语义加工 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]