重要生态功能区干旱时空演变特征及对关键资源的影响:以黄河流域为例  

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Drought and Its Impact on Key Resources in theImportant Ecological Functional Area:A Case Study in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：卢荡 魏伟[1] 王继平 闫彭 刘婷 周俊菊[1] 颉斌斌 LU Dang;WEI Wei;WANG Ji-ping;YAN Peng;LIU Ting;ZHOU Jun-ju;XIE Bin-bin(College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Urban Management,Lanzhou City University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州城市学院城市管理学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第6期3352-3362,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42261023);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目(2022YB047)。

摘　　要：基于温度-植被-降水的综合干旱指数(TVPDI)、地表径流、植被净初级生产力和粮食产量等数据,利用数据空间化方法、Slope趋势分析及Pearson相关分析等方法,探究了黄河流域从2001~2020年这20年间干旱时空变化特征以及对水资源、粮食资源和植被资源的影响,试图探究干旱与关键资源之间的相互影响.结果表明:①黄河流域干旱空间分布由东南向西北呈阶梯状加重,全流域有60.6%的区域处于干旱状态;从变化看全流域干旱整体上呈逐年下降趋势,有94%的区域由干旱逐渐向湿润转变,从春季到冬季干旱呈现先减轻后加重的趋势.②从流域重要资源的时空变化看,起关键作用的地表径流量有53%的区域呈现增加趋势,且主要分布在流域西南地区;表征植被资源的植被净初级生产力(NPP)及表征粮食资源的粮食产量亦呈增长趋势.③干旱与3类资源呈现显著的空间关联度,干旱程度越高对地表径流量、植被生产力和粮食产量产生的影响越显著,但近年来变湿的地区,其重要资源并未显著增加,这说明干旱对3类重要资源的影响具有时间滞后性,且其滞后性在空间分布上具有显著差异性和地域分异规律.研究对于黄河流域农业生产和抗旱减灾、生态保育具有重要理论意义.This study explored the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes in drought in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020 based on TVPDI,surface runoff,vegetation net primary productivity,and grain yield data.Further,the effects of drought on water resources,grain resources,and vegetation resources were also analyzed using data spatialization methods,slope trend analysis,and Pearson correlation analysis.The results showed that:①The spatial distribution of drought in the Yellow River basin was stepped from southeast to northwest,and 60.6%of the basin was in drought.The overall trend of drought in the basin was decreasing annually,and 94%of the basin was gradually changing from drought to wet conditions,and the trend of drought from spring to winter decreased first and then increased.②From the spatial and temporal changes in important resources in the basin,53%of the key surface runoff areas showed an increasing trend and were mainly located in the southwest of the basin;the net primary productivity(NPP)of vegetation and grain yield of food resources also showed an increasing trend.③Drought and the three types of resources showed significant spatial correlations,and the higher the degree of drought,the more significant the effects on surface runoff,vegetation productivity,and grain yield.However,the important resources in areas that had become wetter in recent years had not increased significantly,which indicated that the effects of drought on the three types of important resources had a time lag,and their lags had significant differences in spatial distribution and geographical differentiation patterns.This study has important theoretical implications for agricultural production,drought mitigation,and ecological conservation in the Yellow River Basin.

关 键 词：干旱 时空演变 重要资源 相互影响 黄河流域 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]