有机肥部分替代化肥对桃园N_(2)O和NO排放的影响  

Effect of Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizers with Organic Fertilizers on N_(2)Oand NO Emissions from a Peach Orchard

作　　者：徐品上 郭姝敏 郑皓晨 王金阳[1] 邹建文[1] XU Pin-shang;GUO Shu-min;ZHENG Hao-chen;WANG Jin-yang;ZOU Jian-wen(Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第6期3725-3733,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007072,42177285)。

摘　　要：有机肥替代作为一种减肥增效和多元化肥替代技术在农业生产中被大力推广.然而,目前尚缺乏对于有机肥在果园N_(2)O和NO排放方面的影响综合评估.采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,周年观测桃园种植过程中N_(2)O和NO的排放,比较了单施化肥和有机肥部分替代化肥处理对桃园氮氧化物排放的影响.结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥分别降低桃园N_(2)O和NO排放总量15.0%和9.4%,同时N_(2)O和NO排放系数降低21.3%和21.1%.有机肥处理土壤的矿质氮含量低于单施化肥处理.有机肥处理提高了硝化作用中AOA的贡献,降低AOB的贡献,从而减少了硝化作用产生的N_(2)O.此外,双同位素混合模型[δ^(18)O(N_(2)O/H_(2)O) vs.δ^(15)NSP]结果表明,硝化细菌反硝化/细菌反硝化(b D/n D)是桃园土壤N_(2)O排放的主要途径.施用有机肥增强了土壤反硝化作用,导致更多的N_(2)O和NO被还原.因此,有机肥部分替代可以缓解果园氮氧化物排放,是实现农业绿色低碳的可行措施.Organic fertilizer substitution has been promoted as a weight loss,efficient,and diversified fertilizer substitution technology in agricultural production.However,there is a lack of comprehensive assessment of the impact of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and NO emissions from orchards.In this study,N_(2)O and NO emissions from peach orchards were observed annually using static dark box-gas chromatography to compare the effects of chemical fertilizer application alone and partial replacement of chemical fertilizer treatment on NO emissions from peach orchards.The results showed that the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers reduced the total N_(2)O and NO emissions from peach orchards by 15.0%and 9.4%,respectively.The N_(2)O and NO emission factors were reduced by 21.3%and 21.1%.The mineral N content of the soil in the organic fertilizer treatment was lower than that in the chemical fertilizer treatment alone.The organic fertilizer treatment increased the contribution of AOA to nitrification and decreased the contribution of AOB,thus reducing N_(2)O and NO from nitrification.In addition,the results of the dual isotope mixing model[δ^(18)O(N_(2)O/H_(2)O)vs.δ^(15)NSP]indicated that the bacterial denitrification/nitrifying bacterial denitrification(bD/nD)process served as the primary pathway for N_(2)O emissions in peach orchards.Partial substitution with organic fertilizers enhanced soil denitrification,resulting in larger reductions in the amounts of N_(2)O and NO.Therefore,partial substitution of organic fertilizer is a viable measure to mitigate nitrogen oxide emissions from orchards and to achieve green and low-carbon development in agriculture.

关 键 词：果园 有机肥 氧化亚氮(N_(2)O) 一氧化氮(NO) 硝化作用 反硝化作用 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]