基于SEM模型的热环境时空特征及影响因素分析:以西安都市圈为例  

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Thermal Environment Based on SEM Model:A Case Study in Xi'an Metropolitan Area

作　　者：张颖 王旭红[1,2] 冯子豪 苑嘉欣 余孟千禧 ZHANG Ying;WANG Xu-hong;FENG Zi-hao;YUAN Jia-xin;YU Meng-qian-xi(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第6期3734-3745,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971387);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-430)。

摘　　要：城市热环境是评价城市生态环境的重要指标之一,直接关系到居民健康及城市经济可持续发展,但目前研究缺乏自然和人文多维因子对热环境的影响路径分析.基于西安都市圈2020年MODISMYD11A2地表温度数据,辅以气象、地表因子和人类活动等数据,综合利用ArcGIS空间地统计分析、冗余分析(RDA)和结构方程模型(SEM),研究城市热环境在不同季节的时空分布特征,揭示城市热环境的主要影响因素并量化其直接和间接效应.结果表明:①西安都市圈的地表温度呈现北高南低,自城市中心向四周递减的空间格局,夏季热环境污染最严重.②冗余分析表明影响热环境的主要因素为:气温、不透水地表、植被和降水.③SEM结果显示,气象、地表和人类活动因子对城市热环境的直接影响显著并占主导地位,气温、不透水面和兴趣点密度对热环境有显著的直接正效应(0.10~0.33),水体、降水和植被对热环境有显著的直接负效应(-0.29~-0.25).人类活动对夜晚地表温度的直接影响力高于地表因子和气象因子,提高经济效益有利于缓解城市热环境效应.以上结果可为城市热岛局地气候变化研究和绿色生态宜居城市环境建设提供科学参考.The urban thermal environment is an important indicator for evaluating the ecological environment of a city.It directly affects the health of residents and the sustainable development of the urban economy.However,there is currently a lack of analysis on the impact pathways of the thermal environment considering both natural and human factors.Based on the MODIS MYD11A2 land surface temperature data,meteorological data,and human activity data of Xi'an metropolitan area in 2020,ArcGIS spatial geostatistical analysis was used to study the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of the thermal environment in different seasons,and redundancy analysis was utilized to select the main factors affecting the thermal environment.Then,structural equation modeling was used to quantify the direct and indirect effects of the dominant factors on the urban thermal environment.The results showed that:①The surface temperature in the Xi'an urban area showed a spatial pattern of higher temperatures in the north and lower temperatures in the south,with a decrease in temperature from the city center to the surrounding areas.The most severe heat environment pollution occurred in the summer.②The redundancy analysis(RDA)results indicated that the main factors that affected the thermal environment were air temperature,impermeable surfaces,vegetation,and precipitation.③The results of the structural equation modeling(SEM)indicated that meteorological,surface,and anthropogenic factors affected the urban thermal environment mainly through direct pathways,which were much more important than all indirect pathways.Factors such as temperature,impervious surfaces,and point of interest density had a significant positive effect on the thermal environment(0.10 and 0.33).On the other hand,factors such as water bodies,precipitation,and vegetation had a significant negative effect on the thermal environment(-0.29 and-0.25).Human activities had a greater direct impact on nocturnal surface temperatures than surface and meteorological factors.Increas

关 键 词：城市热环境 地表温度(LST) 冗余分析(RDA) 结构方程模型(SEM) 西安都市圈 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]