长期习练太极拳的老年人骨骼肌含量和力量研究  

A Study of Long-term Taijiquan Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Elderly Individuals

作　　者：姜成 李旭鸿 Jiang Cheng;Li Xuhong(School of P.E.,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China;Research Center for Sports Events and Health Promotion,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学体育学院,浙江杭州311121 [2]杭州师范大学体育赛事与健康促进研究中心,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《武术研究》2024年第6期51-53,共3页Wushu Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目,编号:18YJA890012;杭州市哲学社会科学规划课题基地重点项目,编号:2022JD21;浙江省大学生科技创新活动暨新苗人才计划项目,编号:2022R426A052。

摘　　要：文章主要研究长期进行太极拳锻炼对老年人骨骼肌衰减效果的影响以及在性别之间存在的差异性。通过宣讲的方式在社区招募老年人94人,其中锻炼5年以上太极拳者有48人(男:24,女:24),为实验组;无规律体育锻炼经历的46人(男:23,女:23)为对照组。分别采用人体成分分析仪、握力计和肌肉功能分析仪对其骨骼肌含量以及上、下肢肌肉力量进行测试,并对上述指标进行双因素(性别+太极拳锻炼)方差统计分析。结果发现:不论性别,实验组的骨骼肌含量均高于对照组,其中,相对四肢骨骼肌含量(RASM)、骨骼肌指数(SMI)存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。在下肢骨骼肌力量方面,实验组的下蹲力均高于对照组,并呈现显著性差异(P<0.05),无论是否习练太极拳,性别之间的骨骼肌含量、骨骼肌力量均存在显著性差异(P<0.01),这表明长期锻炼太极拳可以有效延缓老年人骨骼肌含量和下肢肌肉力量衰退程度,在上肢的握力方面效果并不明显,建议老年人在体育锻炼过程中要增加中小强度的抗阻训练。This study aimed to investigate the influence of long-term Taijiquan exercise on skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in older individuals,as well as the dfferences between sexes.94 elderly individuals were recruited in the community by preaching.48(male:24,female:24)with more than 5 years of Taijiquan exercise experience were the experimental group.46 subjects(male:23,female:23)with irregular physical exercise experience were the control group.The skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength were tested by body composition analyzer,dynamometer and muscle function analyzer respectively,which parameters were analyzed by two-factor variance statistics(gender+Taijiquan exercise).The results showed that regardless of gender,the older individuals who long-term Taijiquan exercise had high skeletal muscle mass than that control group,and there were significant differences in relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass RASM and skeletal muscle index SMI(P<0.05).In addition,the experimental group had higher squatting strength than the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).Regardless of whether Taijiquan exercise was performed,there were significant differences in skeletal muscle content and strength between genders(P<0.01).This suggests that long-term Taijiquan exercise can effectively delay skeletal muscle mass decline and lower limb muscle strength in older individuals,though there is no clear effect on upper limb grip strength.This indicates that seniors should increase their intensity of resistance training during physical exercise.

关 键 词：太极拳锻炼 老年人 骨骼肌含量 

分 类 号：G85[文化科学—民族体育]