个人信息刑事调取的适用限度与法律规制  

The Applicable Limitation and Legal Regulation of Criminal Retrieval to Personal Information

作　　者：钱程 QIAN Cheng(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第2期91-102,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2024年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“个人信息刑事调取的适用限度与法律规制”(3132024317)。

摘　　要：数字时代,侦查机关依托数字信息技术增强数据收集处理能力,提升案件侦破效能。但是,侦查机关泛用刑事调取措施向网络信息企业调取公民个人信息,存在损害公民隐私权、个人信息权且过度干预企业合法经营的风险。在侦查机关适用信息调取措施的过程中,应当遵循限度理念,即以程序法定原则与比例原则归正侦查机关信息调取的必要限度,以公民个人信息权利与网络信息企业合法权益为信息刑事调取划定适用边界。强化侦查机关个人信息调取措施的法律规制具体从以下方面进行:其一,完善个人信息刑事调取的程序规范机制,按照任意性侦查措施与强制性侦查措施两种属性分别进行法律授权与程序规制,对现有刑事诉讼规范内容予以“信息化”调适,强化对侦查权的法律控制。其二,构建刑事诉讼中公民个人信息保护机制,保障信息主体通过行使信息知情权、信息访问权、信息更正删除权等权利直接、积极地进行个人信息保护。其三,优化企业配合刑事执法的权益保护机制,细化企业协助刑事执法义务,建立企业义务豁免机制,调和执法协助义务与数据合规义务的冲突;赋予作为第三方信息控制者的企业必要的权利,使企业能够以积极方式维护自身的合法权益。In the digital age,investigative agencies rely on digital information technology to enhance data collection and processing capabilities and improve case detection efficiency.However,while investigative agencies enjoy the benefits of information retrieval measures to improve case handling efficiency,they also induce the hidden dangers of improper application of information retrieval measures to infringe on the rights of information subjects and the rights of information processors.At present,in criminal procedure legal norms,the content of information retrieval measures presents an authorization color,the overall normative density is low,and there is no strict procedural control over the investigative agencies’rights to retrivel information.Driven by convenient rules and technologies,investigative agencies obtain a wide range of citizen information controlled by third parties,especially Internet companies,in the name of retrieval,which hides the risks of investigative agencies abusing their rights to obtain information and improperly restricting citizens’personal information rights and the rights and interests of Internet information companies.In the process of investigative agencies applying information retrieval measures,they should follow the concept of limits.Specifically,there are three limits.The first is to clarify the operating limits of investigative power,that is,to restrict the operation of investigative power based on the principles of statutory procedures and proportionality,and to restore the necessary limits of information retrieval by investigative agencies.The second is to play the restrictive role of citizens’rights,that is,to set limits on the information retrieval behavior of investigative agencies based on citizens’rights,and not to excessively interfere with citizens’privacy rights and personal information rights.The third is to play the restrictive role of the legitimate rights and interests of information processors,that is,to set limits on the information retrieval behavior of in

关 键 词：刑事调取 个人信息权 隐私权 强制性措施 法律规制 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]