真相与假象:论“都”的本质属性  

Truth and Illusion:On the Essential Attributes of the Chinese Adverb DOU

作　　者：吴义诚[1] 周永 WU Yicheng;ZHOU Yong(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,P.R.China;Yangzhou University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,浙江省杭州市310058 [2]扬州大学

出　　处：《现代外语》2024年第3期305-315,共11页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“汉英全称量化结构的语义解释模型建构研究”(21BYY054)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文通过梳理副词“都”在使用中的各种语言事实后指出:1)它本质上确是传统语法学家们一致定性的范围副词,已有文献给出的全称、分配、加合、相对大量、最大化、穷尽性功能等分析,只是基于其所在的不同语境给出的随机性解释;2)与语义明晰且功能纯粹的全称量词“所有”相比,“都”随具体语境而“变化多端”的种种事实表明,其“出厂设置”是用来表示量幅大于一的一个多元集合,语义功能上可视为一个待定算子,能够依托相关语境实现量幅的确认,进而完成相关句子的语义解读,同时又能起到加强语气的作用。由此,将“都”还原为范围副词的分析,能够合理阐释它的使用为相关语句所注入的句法、语义与语用信息。Based on a close examination of the occurrences of the Chinese adverb"dou"in different circumstances,it is argued in this paper that:(l)it inherently possesses the essential attributes of'domain adverb'as delimited in traditional grammar,whose fundamental function is to map a fuzzy set consisting of more than one member;its existing analyses,namely universal quantification,distribution,sum,relative large quantity,maximality or exhaustivity respectively,are random in nature in the sense that they are heavily reliant on certain particular contexts;(2)unlike the true universal quantifiers"all"and""every",the hard fact that its semantics varies under different contexts indicates that the domain adverb can be treated as an underspecified operator capable of facilitating semantic interpretation by confirming the quantity in specific contexts,and in the meantime capable of intensifying the illocutionary force of the relevant sentence.The analysis of"dou"as a domain adverb,therefore,can provide a unifying account of the syntactic,semantic as well as pragmatic information injected by its use.

关 键 词：都 范围副词 模糊集合 核心义 强化词 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]