垄作和覆膜下盐碱地水盐运移和大豆产量的变化  

Changes of water and salt transport and soybean yield in saline-alkali soil under ridge cropping and plastic film mulching

作　　者：梁新书[1] 张凯 廉晓娟[1] 王艳[1] 薛铸 LIANG Xin-shu;ZHANG Kai;LIAN Xiao-juan;WANG Yan;XUE Zhu(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Tianjin 300192,China;College of Water Conservancy Engineering,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192 [2]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第6期1-4,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(22327001D)。

摘　　要：选择河北省黄骅市中度盐碱土区布置夏播大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]田间试验,共设平播(对照)、平播覆膜、垄作及垄作覆膜4个处理,研究垄作和覆膜对土壤水盐运移和大豆产量的影响。结果表明,与传统平播方式相比,平播覆膜处理对土壤水盐运移和大豆产量的影响不显著;垄作处理能显著改变土壤水盐分布,特别是大豆生长中后期降雨量开始减少后,垄作定植沟会产生叠加集雨效果,显著提高大豆生长中期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤含水量,减缓作物生长后期向表层返盐进程,有效降低土壤表层盐分含量,对保障大豆植株生长和产量均有一定的促进效果,可增产27.2%;垄作覆膜处理效果与垄作处理类似,覆膜措施影响不显著。垄作技术可以作为滨海盐碱地夏播大豆种植的农耕措施。The field experiment of summer sowing soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]was conducted in the moderate saline-alkali soil area of Huanghua City,Hebei Province.Four treatments,namely flat sowing(control treatment),flat sowing with plastic film mulching,ridging planting,and ridging planting with plastic film mulching,were set up to study the effects of ridge planting and film mulching on soil water and salt transport and soybean yield.The results showed that compared with the traditional flat sowing,flat sowing with plastic film mulching had no significant effect on soil water and salt transport and soybean yield,while ridge planting could significantly change soil water and salt distribution.When the rainfall began to decrease in the middle and late stages of soybean growth,in ridge planting and planting the furrow would produce the effect of superimposed rainwater harvesting,significantly increase the soil water content of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm in the middle stages of soybean growth,slowe down the process of returning salt to the surface layer at the late growth stage,effectively reduced the salt content in the surface layer of soil,promote the growth and yield of soybean to a certain extent,and increase the yield by 27.2%.The effect of ridge planting with plastic film mulching was similar to that in ridge planting,and the effect of plastic film mulching was not significant in this experiment.The research showed that ridge planting technology could be used as one of the important agricultural measures for summer soybean planting in coastal saline-alkali soil.

关 键 词：盐碱地 大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.] 垄作 覆膜 水盐运移 产量 

分 类 号：S343.4[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S565.1[农业科学—农艺学]