化橘红挥发油对罗汉果斑枯病菌的抑制作用及机理  

Inhibition and mechanism of volatile oil of Citri grandis against the Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum of Siraitia grosvenorii

作　　者：詹鑫婕 陈乾平[1,2] 蒋妮[1,2] 宋利沙 丘卓秋 黄琦 潘丽梅[1,2] 冯世鑫[1,2] 白丹宇 蒋水元[3] ZHAN Xin-jie;CHEN Qian-ping;JIANG Ni;SONG Li-sha;QIU Zhuo-qiu;HUANG Qi;PAN Li-mei;FENG Shi-xin;BAI Dan-yu;JIANG Shui-yuan(Guangxi Key Laboratory for High Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-Di Herbs/Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Breeding Technology Innovation Center,Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Nanning 530023,China;National Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation,Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Nanning 530023,China;Guangxi Institute of Botany,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guilin 541006,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区药用植物园,广西道地药材高品质形成与应用重点实验室/广西中药材良种繁育技术创新中心,南宁530023 [2]广西壮族自治区药用植物园,国家中医药传承创新中心,南宁530023 [3]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第6期94-98,120,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB20159014,桂科AB21238011);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20180102-4);广西中管局项目(GZSY23-03);广西中药材品质创新研究团队项目(GZKJ2305)。

摘　　要：采用平板抑菌法结合盆栽防治试验测定化橘红(Citri grandis Exocarpium)挥发油对罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii)斑枯病菌(Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum)的抑制活性。通过显微观察病原菌菌丝体的形态及测定挥发油处理病原菌菌丝体后处理液的电导率及可溶性蛋白质含量变化情况,探究化橘红挥发油的抑菌机理。平板抑菌结果表明,化橘红挥发油稀释≤1 000倍对罗汉果斑枯病病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率均达100.0%,显著高于80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂稀释1 000倍的抑制率(88.7%)。盆栽试验结果表明,化橘红挥发油稀释1 000倍,45%戊唑·咪鲜胺乳油和10%苯醚甲环唑乳油对罗汉果斑枯病病斑扩展的抑制率均在80.0%以上,且均显著高于80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的抑制率(70.68%)。显微镜下观察发现,经化橘红挥发油处理7 d的病原菌菌丝呈念珠状膨大并有断裂现象。菌丝体与化橘红挥发油共培养结果表明,混合液的电导率及可溶性蛋白质含量均随着化橘红挥发油处理浓度的加大、互作时间的延长而提高;浓度为2.0 g/L的化橘红挥发油与病原菌菌丝共培养48 h,培养液的电导率为279.208μS/cm,为各处理最大值;挥发油终质量分数0.2%、作用60 h后,培养液中的可溶性蛋白质含量达90.6μg/mL,为各处理的最大值。The inhibitory activity of Citri grandis oil on Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum of Siraitia grosvenorii was determined by the plate bacteriostatic method combined with pot experiment.The antifungal mechanism of the volatile oil of Citri grandis was investigated by observing the morphology of pathogenic mycelia and measuring the change of conductivity and soluble protein content in the treatment solution of pathogenic mycelia treated by volatile oil.The results of the plate antibacterial test indicated that the inhibition rate of bacterial filamentum growth was 100.0% when the volatile oil was diluted less than 1 000 times,which was significantly higher than the inhibition rate of 80% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 1 000 times(88.7%).The results of pot experiment showed that when the volatile oil was diluted 1 000 times,the inhibition rates of 45% pentazole-imimidazole emulsion and 10% difenoconazole emulsion were both above 80.0%,and significantly higher than that of 80% carbendazim wettable powder(70.68%).Under the microscope,it was found that the pathogenic mycelia treated with Citri grandis volatile oil for 7 days showed a moniliform expansion and fracture phenomenon.The results of co-culture of mycelium with volatile oil showed that the conductivity and soluble protein content of the mixture increased with the increase of volatile oil concentration and the prolongation of interaction time.The conductivity of the culture medium was 279.208 μS/cm,which was the maximum value of each treatment,when volatile oil with the concentration of 2.0 g/L was co-cultured with pathogenic mycelia for 48 h.When the final mass fraction of volatile oil was 0.2%,the soluble protein content in culture medium reached 90.6 μg/mL after 60 h of treatment,which was the maximum value of each treatment.

关 键 词：罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii) 斑枯病菌(Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum) 化橘红(Citri grandis Exocarpium) 挥发油 抑制作用及机理 

分 类 号：S435.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]