中国≥65岁老年人轻度认知障碍流行现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis of epidemic status and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in Chinese people≥65 years old

作　　者：申小颖 李小菊[1] 李依窈 张宪琦 赵莉 SHEN Xiao-ying;LI Xiao-ju;LI Yi-yao;ZHANG Xian-qi;ZHAO Li(Department of Preventive Medicine,School of Medicine,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院预防医学系,新疆生产建设兵团重要新发传染病防控与公共卫生安全重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第11期2013-2019,2042,共8页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解中国老年人轻度认知障碍(MCI)患病状况及其影响因素,为减缓老年人认知功能衰退,提高其生活质量提供科学依据。方法以健康生态学理论为基础,利用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中65岁及以上人群,剔除患痴呆以及关键变量缺失的样本,最终纳入11157例老年人。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析中国老年人轻度认知障碍的影响因素。结果本研究≥65岁患MCI的老年人有1526人,MCI患病率为13.7%;多因素非条件logistic回归结果显示,女性(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.061~1.455)、高龄(80~94岁:OR=1.744,95%CI:1.359~2.239;≥95岁:OR=3.014,95%CI:2.272~3.998)、自评健康状况越差(OR=2.308,95%CI:1.202~4.433)、听力功能受损(OR=4.760,95%CI:4.129~5.487)、不锻炼(OR=1.204,95%CI:1.006~1.441)、健康饮食评分低(1~2分:OR=1.562,95%CI:1.288~1.894)、无各项社会参与活动(家务劳动、社交活动、娱乐活动、社会活动)、睡眠时间长(>8h:OR=1.347,95%CI:1.156~1.569)、失能(OR=2.987,95%CI:2.246~3.974)、IADL受损(OR=3.347,95%CI:2.510~4.462)、居住在养老机构(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.136~2.166)、医疗服务经济可及性差(OR=1.155,95%CI:1.005~1.328)均是中国老年人患MCI的危险因素。结论中国老年人MCI患病形势严峻,性别、年龄、自评健康状况、听力功能、锻炼情况、健康饮食评分、社会参与、睡眠时长、ADL、IADL、居住方式和医疗服务可及性是中国老年人患病的主要影响因素,需多维、系统制定相关干预措施,减缓中国老年人的认知功能衰退。Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in the elderly in China,so as to provide scientific basis for slowing down the decline of cognitive function and improving their quality of life.Methods Based on the theory of health ecology,people aged 65 and above were selected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The research subjects with dementia and missing key variables were excluded,and finally 11157 elderly people were included.Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MCI in Chinese elderly.Results In this study,1526 people≥65 years old had MCI,and the prevalence rate of MCI was 13.7%.The results of multivariate unconditional Logistic regression showed that female(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.061-1.455)and advanced age(80 to 94 years old:OR=1.744,95%CI:1.359-2.239;≥95 years old:OR=3.014,95%CI:2.272-3.998),self-rated worse health status(OR=2.308,95%CI:1.202-4.433),hearing impairment(OR=4.760,95%CI:4.129-5.487),no exercise(OR=1.204,95%CI:1.006-1.441),low score of healthy diet(1-2)(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.288-1.894),no social participation activities(housework,social activities,recreational activities,social activities),long sleep time(>8 hours)(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.156-1.569),disability(OR=2.987,95%CI:2.246-3.974),instrumental activity of daily living(IADL)impairment(OR=3.347,95%CI:2.510-4.462),living in elderly care institutions(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.136-2.166),and poor economic accessibility of medical services(OR=1.155,95%CI:1.005-1.328)were risk factors for MCI among the elderly in China.Conclusion The prevalence of MCI in the elderly in China is grim.Gender,age,self-rated health status,hearing function,exercise,healthy diet score,social participation,sleep duration,ADL,IADL,living style,and accessibility of medical services are the main influencing factors of the disease in Chinese elderly.Multi-dimensional and systematic intervention measures are needed to slow down the cognitive decline of the el

关 键 词：轻度认知障碍(MCI) 影响因素 老年人 健康生态学 

分 类 号：B844.4[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] B842.1[哲学宗教—心理学]