酒精诱导基底外侧杏仁核神经损害引发焦虑的机制进展  

Advances in mechanisms of alcohol-induced damage in basolateral amygdala leading to anxiety

作　　者：徐晨 秦鑫 王恒 张鑫磊 乔晓孟 Xu Chen;Qin Xin;Wang Heng;Zhang Xinlei;Qiao Xiaomeng(Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Forensic Medicine Office,Technical Brigade,Criminal Police Detachment,Public Security Bureau,Wanzhou District of Chongqing,Chongqing 404100,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学基础医学院病理学与法医学系,郑州450001 [2]重庆市万州区公安局刑警支队技术大队法医办公室,重庆404100

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2024年第5期475-480,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82101978);河南省自然科学基金(212300410260);河南省博士后科研启动项目(202002001)。

摘　　要：酒精滥用是一个严重的公共健康和生物医学安全问题,可引发多种神经精神疾病。近年来,大量研究表明酒精可诱导基底外侧杏仁核(basolateral amygdala,BLA)的神经元结构和功能紊乱。酒精暴露和酒精戒断后会通过BLA谷氨酸能神经元和抑制性γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)能中间神经元的改变引起焦虑和恐惧等负性情绪。谷氨酸能神经元负责兴奋性递质谷氨酸的释放,而GABA能中间神经元则提供反馈抑制,抑制BLA功能,消除负性情绪。酒精的摄入可导致谷氨酸能-GABA能神经网络失衡,改变神经元的兴奋性,进而导致焦虑和恐惧的产生。酒精干扰BLA内的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(corticotropin-releasing factor,CRF)系统,增加CRF的释放量,进一步刺激焦虑情绪的产生。另外,酒精还影响BLA相关神经回路,如BLA→前额叶皮质、BLA→伏隔核和BLA→终纹床核等通路,从而影响焦虑样行为。本综述讨论了BLA内神经信号及其环路在酒精诱导负性情绪中的作用进展,以期进一步阐明酒精暴露和戒断后引发焦虑情绪的神经生物学机制,为今后临床治疗提供理论依据。Alcohol abuse is a serious public health problem and biomedical safety problem that can lead to a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.In recent years,numerous studies have shown that alcohol can induce structural and functional disregulation in the basolateral amygdala(BLA).Alcohol exposure and withdrawal can cause negative emotion such as anxiety and fear,primarily mediated by glutamatergic neurons and inhibitoryγ-aminobutyric acid ergic(GABAergic)interneurons in the BLA.Glutamatergic neurons are responsible for excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate release,whileγ-aminobutyric acid ergic(GABAergic)interneurons provide feedback inhibition to suppress BLA function and alleviate negative emotions.However,alcohol intake can disrupt the balance of glutamatergic-GABAergic neural network,altering neuron excitability and subsequently leading to the generation of anxiety and fear.Moreover,alcohol also interferes with the corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)system within the BLA,increasing the release of CRF,further stimulating anxiety-related emotions.Additionally,alcohol affects BLA-related neural circuits,such as BLA→medial prefrontal cortex,BLA→nucleus accumbens,and BLA→bed nucleus of the stria terminali pathways,thereby impacting anxiety-like behaviors.This review discusses the progress of neural signaling and circuits within the BLA in mediating alcohol-induced negative emotions,aiming to further elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying anxiety triggered by alcohol exposure and withdrawal,in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment in the future.

关 键 词：酒精滥用 基底外侧杏仁核 神经损害 焦虑 环路 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]