美国校长评价越来越科学了吗?——基于美国有效校长标准和校长评价方法变化的分析  

Is the Evaluation of American Principals Becoming More and More Scientific?——An Analysis Based on the Changes in Effective Principal Standards and Principal Evaluation Methods in the United States

作　　者：李华 熊芹菁 李化宽 魏鸿企 LI Hua;XIONG Qinjing;LI Huakuan;WEI Hongqi(College of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Film,Television and Media,Guangxi University of the Arts,Nanning 530000,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育学院,广东广州510006 [2]广西艺术学院影视与传媒学院,广西南宁530000

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2024年第5期114-128,共15页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2022年度青年项目“提升广东省欠发达地区中小学校长领导效能的循证评价研究”(项目编号:GD22YJY08)。

摘　　要：美国校长评价标准的科学化主要源于人们对校长职责认识的深化,表现为:有效校长标准随校长职责的变化而变化,从“相对单一”到“灵活多样”,并开始具备情境性和变革性特征,从而使美国校长评价标准越来越科学;美国校长评价方法的科学化主要受外部形势的驱动,表现为:在教育问责制、循证教育等政策形势的影响下,美国校长评价方法先后经历了“优秀校长特质评价”,“成功校长行为评价”,“基于专业标准的校长绩效评价”和“循证支持的校长效能评价”的变化过程,但美国校长评价方法并没有变得越来越科学。这是因为,政策走在了研究的前面,使基于学生成绩的校长效能评价结果未必准确,强调“循证支持”的校长效能评价方法未必客观。这启示我们:更加科学的校长效能评价应以校长领导效能研究为先导,并谨慎使用“可靠证据”。The scientific evaluation criteria of American principals mainly stem from the deepening of people's understanding of the responsibilities of principals,which is manifested as follows:the standards of effective principals change with the change of principals' responsibilities,from "relatively simple" to "flexible and diverse",and begin to have situational and transformative characteristics,so that the evaluation standards of American principals become more and more scientific.The scientific evaluation method of American principals is mainly driven by the external situation,which is manifested in the following:under the influence of educational accountability,evidence-based education and other policy situations,the evaluation methods of American principals have successively undergone the change process of "excellent principal trait evaluation","successful principal behavior evaluation","principal performance evaluation based on professional standards" and "evidence-based support of principal effectiveness evaluation",but the evaluation methods of American principals have not become more and more scientific.this is because the policy is ahead of the research,so that the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of principals based on student performance may not be accurate,and the evaluation methods of principal effectiveness that emphasize "evidence-based support" may not be objective.This suggests that a more scientific evaluation of principal effectiveness should be guided by the study of principal leadership effectiveness,and "reliable evidence" should be used cautiously.

关 键 词：美国 有效校长标准 校长评价方法 评价科学化 

分 类 号：G627.1[文化科学—教育学] G712