溴氰菊酯对斑马鱼早期发育阶段的神经毒性研究  

Neurotoxicity of Deltamethrin on Zebrafish in Early Developmental Stage

作　　者：姚磊 苏明 郭娟娟 边万平[2,3] Yao Lei;Su Ming;Guo Juanjuan;Bian Wanping(Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China;Chongqing School,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学,重庆400074 [2]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆400714 [3]中国科学院大学重庆学院,重庆400714

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第3期22-35,共14页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：三峡后续工作科研项目“三峡库区消落区(重庆段)生态环境调查及生态恢复技术示范”(5000002021BF40001)。

摘　　要：溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin,DM)作为Ⅱ型拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂已被广泛使用,高度的亲脂性可以使其轻易通过血脑屏障作用于神经系统,但其对斑马鱼早期神经发育的影响及毒性机制仍不清楚。本研究以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎为研究对象,分别暴露于0、10、20、50μg·L^(-1)的DM中,对暴露后胚胎的发育状况、运动能力等分析后,进一步利用转基因斑马鱼从神经细胞发育方面评估DM对斑马鱼早期发育阶段的神经毒性。结果显示,从3 hpf开始暴露,在24 hpf,50μg·L^(-1)暴露组自发卷尾运动频率相较于对照组降低了约41.2%(P<0.001);在36 hpf,各暴露组胚胎孵化率均升高,20、50μg·L^(-1)暴露组心率显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.0001),体长显著短于对照组(P<0.01),这些结果显示出DM对胚胎发育的影响于其浓度之间具有明显剂量依赖效应。通过对斑马鱼幼鱼的自发运动、光暗行为和旷场行为的分析,发现暴露后斑马鱼幼鱼在3种情景中运动行为均变得迟缓,表明DM暴露影响斑马鱼运动能力,且对外界环境刺激的响应能力以及主动探索新环境的能力均减弱。进一步通过对神经系统特异性标记的转基因斑马鱼品系的研究发现,DM暴露导致斑马鱼神经干/祖细胞数目显著减少(P<0.01,P<0.001),神经元细胞活性加强,且凋亡细胞数目显著增多(P<0.0001)。结果表明,溴氰菊酯在斑马鱼发育早期的毒性与其影响神经细胞的活性相关。DM通过破坏神经干/祖细胞的数量、过度激活神经元和促进神经细胞凋亡等方面对斑马鱼中枢神经系统产生毒性,进而影响斑马鱼胚胎的运动行为。Deltamethrin(DM)has been widely used as a typeⅡpyrethroid insecticide.Its high lipophilicity allows it to easily pass through the blood-brain barrier and affect the nervous system.However,its impact on the early neural development of zebrafish and the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear.In this study,zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos were exposed to DM with different concentration of 0,10,20 and 50μg·L^(-1)to analyze the development and movement ability.The neurotoxicity of DM to zebrafish larvae was evaluated on the development of the nerve cells of transgenic zebrafish line.The results showed that the frequency of spontaneous coiling decreased 41.2%(P<0.001)by 50μg·L^(-1)DM exposure at 24 hpf.The hatching rate of all the DM exposure groups was higher than the control group and heart rate were significantly increased in 20 and 50μg·L^(-1)groups(P<0.01,P<0.0001),and the body length was significantly reduced(P<0.01)at 36 hpf.These results showed that the effect of DM on embryo development was dose-dependent.Through the analysis of the spontaneous swim,light-dark s timulus and open field behavior of zebrafish larvae,it was found that zebrafish larvae became sluggish in those three scenarios,indicating that DM exposure affected the mobility of zebrafish,and the ability to respond to e xternal environmental stimuli and the ability to actively explore new environments was weakened.Further analysis of transgenic zebrafish strains with specific markers for neural cell systems found that DM exposure caused a s ignificant decrease in the number of nerve stem/progenitor cells in zebrafish(P<0.01,P<0.001),neuronal cell a ctivity was enhanced,and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased(P<0.0001).The results s uggested that the neurotoxicity of zebrafish larvae induced by DM is related to the nerve cell viability.DM is toxic to the central nervous system of zebrafish by destroying the number of nerve stem/progenitor cells,over-activating neurons and promoting apoptosis of nerve cells,thus affecting the

关 键 词：溴氰菊酯 斑马鱼 神经毒性 行为学 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]