榛子高效破壳机的研制  

Development of high efficiency hazelnut shell breaking machine

作　　者：何婷 刘珂 张睿 任广跃[1] 刘钊含 HE Ting;LIU Ke;ZHANG Rui;REN Guangyue;LIU Zhaohan(College of Food and Biological Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《食品与机械》2024年第5期88-95,共8页Food and Machinery

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(编号:221100110800)。

摘　　要：目的:解决榛子机械脱壳效率低和碎仁率高等问题。方法:设计通过压簧实现自动调节间隙的立锥式破壳机,破壳机关键结构由立锥式内辊筒、板条筛式外辊筒、压簧装置3个核心部件组成,分析榛子在破壳机脱壳腔内的受力状况。结果:立锥式榛子破壳机的主要参数为匀料锥锥度30°,内辊筒母线倾角75°,半锥角15°,表面凹槽为螺旋纹,凹槽深度3 mm;外辊筒母线倾斜角73°,半锥角17°;压簧设计自由行程230 mm,中径160 mm,线径24 mm,有效圈数6,总圈数8,内辊筒有效转速范围为229.2~881.5 r/min。结论:该设计通过喂入量自动调节立锥式破壳机压缩量,调整破壳间隙,可适应不同榛子的果形尺寸,使榛子脱壳效率和整仁率得以提高。Objective:In order to solve the phenomenon of low mechanical shelling efficiency and high kernel breakage rate of hazelnut,a vertical cone shell breaking machine was designed with automatic adjustment of clearance through compression spring.Methods:The key structure of the shell breaker was composed of three core components:the vertical cone inner roller,the slatted screen outer roller and the pressure spring device,and the stress of the hazelnuts in the shelling cavity of the shell breaker was analyzed.Results:The main parameters of the vertical cone hazelnut shell breaker were determined:the taper of the uniform cone was 30°,the inclination angle of the inner roller bus was 75°,the half cone angle was 15°,the surface groove was spiral,the groove depth was 3 mm,the inclination angle of the outer roller bus was 73°,the half cone angle was 17°,the free stroke of the compression spring design was 230 mm,the middle warp was 160 mm,the wire diameter was 24 mm,the effective number of turns was 6,the total number of turns was 8,and the effective speed range of the inner roller was 229.2~881.5 r/min.Conclusion:This design can automatically adjust the compression amount of the vertical cone shell breaker and adjust the shell breaking gap through the feeding amount,which can adapt to the fruit shape size of different hazelnuts,so that the hazelnut shelling efficiency and kernel preparation rate can be improved.

关 键 词：榛子 破壳机 立锥式 压缩弹簧 

分 类 号：TS255.35[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]