经典名方中木贼的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Equiseti Hiemalis Herba in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：任大棒 靳明娟 戴杰 王娇蕊 詹志来 张福生[1] REN Dabang;JIN Mingjuan;DAI Jie;WANG Jiaorui;ZHAN Zhilai;ZHANG Fusheng(Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学中医药现代研究中心,太原030006 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第13期167-175,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);山西省科技成果转化引导专项(202104021301064);吕梁市引进高层次科技人才重点研发项目(2021RC-2-13)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、近现代文献资料,对经典名方中木贼药材的名称、基原、药用部位、产地、采收、炮制方法及性效主治等方面进行考证。经考证得知,木贼一名首见于唐代《贞元广利方》,并作为主流正名被后世沿用,亦存在挫草、笔杆草等别名。古代所用木贼药材的主流基原为木贼科植物木贼Equisetum hyemale,清代有节节草E.ramosissimum混作木贼基原的情况。药用部位为其地上部分。古代以“秦州”为道地产区,即今甘肃天水地区;近现代则多认为产于辽宁者质优,目前市场上流通的木贼药材主产区为东北地区。质量评价以茎粗长、色绿、质厚、表面棱质锋糙、不脱节者为佳。历代炮制方法主要有切、锉、去节、炒炭存性、尿浸、晒干、烘干等,现代主要以水润切段后干燥为主。木贼药性方面,古今均认为性平、味甘、微苦,无毒,其主要功效古今基本一致,均用于目疾、肠风下血、崩漏等。基于考证结果,建议经典名方开发时所用木贼药材采用木贼E.hiemale的干燥地上部分,未明确炮制要求的建议以生品入药,具体炮制方法可参照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》木贼项下;若明确指出需要“炒炭”,则建议参照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》通则0213(炒炭法)进行;明确指出需要“去节”,则建议遵循古法。In this paper,the name,origin,medicinal parts,producing area,harvesting,processing methods and efficacy of Equiseti Hiemalis Herba(EHH)in famous classical formulas were examined by reviewing related ancient and modern literature.Through textual research,Muzei was first appeared in Zhenyuan Guanglifang(《贞元广利方》),and used as a mainstream name by later generations.It is also known by other names,such as Cuocao and Bigancao.The main origin of ancient EHH was Equisetum hyemale,which was mixed with E.ramosissimum during the Qing dynasty.The medicinal part was the above-ground part of EHH.In ancient times,the genuine producing area was considered to be Qinzhou,which is now Tianshui city,Gansu.In modern times,EHH produced in Liaoning province is believed to be of higher quality.Currently,the main producing area of EHH circulating in the market is the northeast region in China.EHH with stems that are thick and long,a green color,a thick texture,and clearly visible edges and roughness,but without any easily separating joints being considered the best.The processing methods of the past dynasties mainly included filing,removing knots,stir-baked the crude drugs into black on outside and brown in inside,urine soaking,sun drying and shade drying.In modern times,the main processing method is to first moisturize the plant material,and then cut it into sections before drying.In terms of medicinal properties,EHH is considered by both ancient and modern medicine to have a neutral nature,a slightly sweet and bitter taste,and is non-toxic.Its primary therapeutic effects are related to treating eye diseases,intestinal wind bleeding and uterine bleeding.Based on the research,it is suggested that the dried above-ground part of E.hiemale be used in the development and utilization of famous classical formulas.For the processing requirements are not indicated,it is suggested using raw decoction pieces as medicine,and the processing method refers to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.If it is clearly stated that fried cha

关 键 词：经典名方 木贼 本草考证 基原 药用部位 产地 采收 中药炮制 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R931[文化科学—情报学] G353.11