细胞外基质在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的研究进展  

Research progress of extracellular matrix in age-related macular degeneration

作　　者：杨宁[1] 徐新荣[1] Yang Ning;Xu Xinrong(Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏省南京市210029

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2024年第7期1073-1077,共5页International Eye Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82074177,82374214)。

摘　　要：年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是老年人失明的主要原因。研究表明,细胞外基质(ECM)调节障碍作为ARMD疾病的重要特征之一,它的损伤可贯穿于ARMD病程。此外,参与ARMD发生发展过程的各类型细胞可以在多种信号的控制下参与ECM的形成与异常沉积,通过传递调节黏附、迁移、增殖、凋亡、存活或分化的信号,从而导致视网膜、脉络膜微环境的破坏,免疫功能障碍,浸润性炎症细胞分化,新生血管生成,上皮-间充质转化,最终导致晚期ARMD视网膜下纤维化和瘢痕形成及视力严重受损。因此,ECM在ARMD中的作用逐渐引起重视。文章针对视网膜中ECM与ARMD的联系及ARMD中各类型细胞与ECM之间的作用做一综述,以期为治疗ARMD的研究方向提供指导意义。Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly.Studies have shown that the regulation disorder of extracellular matrix(ECM)is one of the important characteristics of ARMD,and its damage can be sustained throughout the disease course.Additionally,various cell types participate in the formation and abnormal deposition of ECM under the control of multiple signals.Subsequently,they transmit signals that regulate adhesion,migration,proliferation,apoptosis,survival or differentiation,which lead to the destruction of the retinal and choroidal microenvironment,immune dysfunction,infiltrative inflammatory cell differentiation,neovascularization and epithelial mesenchymal transformation,and ultimately lead to subretinal fibrosis,scarring and severe visual impairment in advanced ARMD.Therefore,increasing attention has been paid to the role of ECM in ARMD in recent years.This article reviews the relationship between retinal ECM and ARMD and the role between ECM and various types of cells in ARMD,hoping to provide guidance for the research direction of ARMD treatment.

关 键 词：年龄相关性黄斑变性 细胞外基质 脉络膜新生血管 视网膜下纤维化 视网膜色素上皮细胞 成纤维细胞 小胶质细胞 巨噬细胞 

分 类 号：R774.5[医药卫生—眼科]