知识与权力:日本问题专家与战后美国对日政策的思想脉络  

Knowledge and Power:American Japanologists and the Ideological Venation of Postwar U.S.Policy toward Japan

作　　者：牟伦海 Mu Lunhai

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院、日本研究中心

出　　处：《日本学刊》2024年第2期49-80,146,共33页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：作为近代东方学家的后继者,战后美国的日本问题专家成为美国对日政策的思想指引者与践行者。从其奠基者本尼迪克特、赖肖尔开始,该知识群体经历了日本现代化论派、对日修正主义者、“新日本通”的变迁历程。受为权力服务理念驱动,日本问题专家看似在实务层面持续性地为对日政策提供着思想指引,但其本质是反向受到权力的驱动,为美国构建与维系对日霸权服务。其不仅导致美国对日政策日渐混乱、激进,更导致该知识群体本身的智识衰减与群体极端分化。其历史经验表明,知识实用主义的极端化会阻碍知识分子的思想进步与人格独立,进而反向阻碍甚至误导其所服务的国家利益。日本问题专家群体也是将知识实用主义极端化的整个战后美国知识界的缩影,其影响在世界美国化的浪潮中蔓延全球,折射着全球美国化的知识“原罪”。As the successors of modern orientalists,American japanologists became the intellectual guides and practitioners of U.S.policy towards Japan after World War II.Since its founders like Ruth Benedict and Edwin O.Reischauer,this intellectual group has experienced the historical evolution of modernization theory of Japan,Revisionist stance towards Japan and new Japan experts.Driven by the ideology of serving power,these specialists appeared to continuously provide intellectual guidance for U.S.policy towards Japan on the practical level.However,in essence,they were driven by power in reverse,serving to construct and maintain U.S.hegemony over Japan.This not only led to increasingly chaotic and radical U.S.policies towards Japan,but also resulted in intellectual decline and extreme polarization within the group itself.Historical experience of the group shows that the extremism of pragmatic knowledge can hinder intellectual progress and personal independence,ultimately obstructing or even misleading the national interests they serve.American specialists group is a microcosm of the entire post-war American intellectual community's extreme pragmatism,whose influence has spread globally in the wave of americanization,reflecting the intellectual original sin of global americanization.

关 键 词：日本问题专家赖肖尔 日本现代化论 仑东方学美国对日政策 

分 类 号：G633.54[文化科学—教育学] K313[历史地理—历史学]