PAC配施氮肥对高粱花后叶片抗氧化特性及产量的调控效应  

Regulatory effects of PAC combined with nitrogen fertilizer on leaf antioxidant characteristics and yield of sorghum after anthesis

作　　者：张薇 闫鹏 王琦 许艳丽[2] 李桂英[2] 陈迪苏 焦晓燕 卢霖[2] 董志强 Zhang Wei;Yan Peng;Wang Qi;Xu Yanli;Li Guiying;Chen Disu;Jiao Xiaoyan;Lu Lin;Dong Zhiqiang(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西晋中030801 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [3]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期37-48,共12页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001703)。

摘　　要：[目的]东北地区全基施施肥方式易造成高粱生育期内营养供应失衡,导致生育后期缺氮早衰。探究全基施背景下聚天门冬氨酸和脱乙酰甲壳素对东北地区高粱花粒期叶片衰老与产量的调控效应,有助建立全基施施肥背景下高粱防衰增产生产技术。[方法]2021-2022年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验基地进行大田试验,试验材料为龙杂25号和吉杂127号,设置氮肥处理与化控处理(聚天门冬氨酸和脱乙酰甲壳素复配剂,polyaspartic ac-id-chitosan,PAC),测定分析PAC配施氮肥下高粱叶片衰老程度、抗氧化特性和产量差异。[结果]花期到成熟期,随施氮水平增加,可显著增加2高粱品种单株叶面积,提高旗叶叶绿素相对含量与抗氧化酶活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,上述指标在2品种间存在差异。PAC处理可显著提高各施氮水平下2高粱品种旗叶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性以及叶绿素相对含量,显著降低MDA含量;显著抑制单株叶面积下降,延缓植株衰老进程。PAC处理后,各施氮水平下,龙杂25号和吉杂127号较各自常规施氮处理分别平均增产2.26%~9.11%和3.51%~15.76%;2高粱品种均在施氮量为150 kg·hm^(-2)时显著增产,2年平均增幅分别为9.11%和15.76%。[结论]PAC配施氮素全基施可作为一项防衰增产增效的栽培技术应用于吉林省中西部高粱产区。[Objective]In the northeastern region of China,the full basal application of fertilizers often leads to imbalanced nutri-ent supplies during the growth period of sorghum,resulting in nitrogen deficiency and premature senescence in the later growth stages.This study aimed to explore the regulatory effects of polyaspartic acid-chitosan(PAC)on leaf senescence and yield of sorghum during the flowering to grain-filling stage under the background of full basal application of fertilizers,therefore assist-ing in the establishment of an anti-aging and yield-increasing technologies for sorghum under full basal application of fertilizers.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted at the Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sci-ences(43º29'55"N,124º48'43"E)from 2020 and 2021,Two varieties,Longza 25 and Jiza 127,were selected as experimental materials.Different nitrogen fertilizer treatments and chemical control treatment(PAC)were setup,and the degree of leaf se-nescence,antioxidant characteristics,and yield differences of sorghum under PAC combined with nitrogen fertilizer were mea-sured and analyzed.[Results]From flowering to maturity,increasing nitrogen levels significantly increased the leaf area(LA)per plant of the two sorghum varieties,increased the relative content of chlorophyll in flag leaves,enhanced the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)content,with differences observed between the two varieties.PAC treatment significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and peroxidase(POD),as well as the relative content of chlorophyll in flag leaves of both sorghum varieties at various nitrogen levels.It significantly in-hibited the decrease in leaf area per plant and delayed the aging process of plants.After PAC treatment,both varieties showed average yield increase of 2.26%~9.11%for Longza 25 and 3.51%~15.76%for Jiza127 compared to their respective conven-tional nitrogen treatments.Both varieties showed significant yield increases

关 键 词：聚天门冬氨酸和脱乙酰甲壳素复配剂 全基施 高粱 抗氧化特性 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学] S143.1