永定河门头沟段河道生态需水特征研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Ecological Water Demand of the Yongding River in Mentougou

作　　者：孙明珠 张振明[1] SUN Ming-zhu;ZHANG Zhen-ming(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第6期729-737,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：门头沟区永定河水生态健康评估服务项目(2022HXFWBH-ZZM-02)。

摘　　要：为提高永定河门头沟段的整体生态健康状况,保障河道生态需水量,应对气候变化和人类活动对河流生态系统的影响,研究分析了该区的水文气象要素演变特征及河道生态需水的时间序列动态。根据永定河门头沟段的生态保护目标,采用环境功能设定法整合计算了包括生态基流、水生生物需水、输沙需水、自净需水和水面蒸发需水5项河道生态需水量。并通过定量分析气候变化和人类活动对径流的影响来确定河道生态需水的影响因素。结果显示,1980—2020年研究区域年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,年降水量有所增加但并不显著;1980—2020年区域河道生态需水量呈显著减少趋势,其中水生生物需水量最大。人类活动是影响区域生态需水量的最主要因素,其通过影响径流量进而影响河道生态需水量。研究结果可为未来永定河门头沟段的水量调配、水资源管理、河道生态需水量预测提供理论参考。In order to enhance the ecological health of the Yongding River in Mentougou District,to guarantee the ecological water demand of the river,and to address the impacts of climate change and human activities on the river ecosystem,the current study analyzed the characteristics of the evolution of hydro-meteorological elements and the time series dynamics of the ecological water demand of the river.In accordance with the ecological protection objectives of the Yongding River in Mentougou District,five river ecological water demand components,namely ecological base flow,aquatic life water demand,sediment transport water demand,self-purification water demand and water surface evaporation,were integrated and calculated using the environmental function setting method.Furthermore,the factors affecting the river ecological water demand were determined by quantitatively analyzing the impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff.The results indicated that the average annual temperature in the study area exhibited a significant upward trend from 1980 to 2020,while the annual precipitation exhibited a slight increase but not to a statistically significant degree.The ecological water demand of the river in the region demonstrated a downward trend from 1980 to 2020,with the aquatic water demand representing the largest component.It can be concluded that human activities represent the most significant factor influencing the ecological water demand in the region,which in turn affects the runoff volume and subsequently the ecological water demand of the river.The findings of this study may serve as a theoretical foundation for future water allocation,water resource management,and the prediction of the ecological water demand of the Yongding River in Mentougou District.

关 键 词：永定河门头沟段 河道生态需水 趋势分析 变化特征 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]