利益分化与育儿成本的情境性:低生育率的结构成因  

Social Inequalities and the Societal Context of Fertility Costs:The Structural Mechanism of Lowest-low Fertility

作　　者：方长春[1] 李玉婷 FANG Chang-chun;LI Yu-ting

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学系 [2]芬兰图尔库大学社会科学院

出　　处：《河北学刊》2024年第4期175-181,共7页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2023年度教育部重大课题攻关项目“中国式现代化建设的人口机遇、挑战与政策研究”(23JZD028)。

摘　　要：低生育率现象对中国人口发展的影响不容忽视。文化价值论和成本—收益论是以往解释生育现象的主要视角,其中育儿成本对生育意愿和生育决策的影响更是被国内研究所重视。然而,相关讨论忽视了育儿成本的社会情境性。对1990年代以来中国社会经济利益结构变化的分析表明,社会经济利益差异的快速拉大、社会流动率及流动预期的提升,这两个社会结构性特征改变了发展性育儿成本,并通过“地位焦虑”提升了人们感知的育儿成本,进而影响其生育意愿和生育决策。通过降低育儿成本的方式逆转低生育现象,其根本在于调整社会经济利益格局。Lowest-low fertility has nonnegligible impact on China’s population development.Former theoretical explains of low fertility can be classified as cultural theory and cost-benefit theory,in which fertility cost has been highlighted by Chinese researchers.However,previous studies ignored the societal context of fertility costs.Analysis on the changing of social and economic structure in China shows that the developmental childcare costs have sharply raised since the 1990s,which was caused by the rapidly widening social inequalities and constantly high social mobility rates.This kind of social context also leads to more intense status anxiety and higher perceived fertility costs among social members,resulting in reluctant fertility intentions and behaviors.Our findings argue that the intervention of social and economic structure may have a positive impact on reversing low fertility.

关 键 词：生育率 育儿成本 生育决策 社会差异 社会流动 

分 类 号：C923[社会学—人口学]