陕西历史博物馆藏汉代“华仓”瓦当表面析出物的分析研究  

Study of crystalline efflorescence on a Han Dynasty eaves tile in the collection of Shaanxi History Museum

作　　者：荆海燕[1] 郑丽珍 白璐 蔡淋 JING Haiyan;ZHENG Lizhen;BAI Lu;CAI Lin(Shaanxi History Museum,Xi’an 710061,China;School of Historical Culture and Tourism,Xi’an University,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西历史博物馆,陕西西安710061 [2]西安文理学院历史文化旅游学院,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第3期63-71,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：陕西省科技厅青年项目(2021JQ-305)资助,陕西历史博物馆馆级课题(GJ2021021)资助。

摘　　要：陶质文物表面析出物中含有机酸盐的现象在国内鲜有报道。本研究采用离子色谱仪(IC)、扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变化显微红外光谱仪(FTIR)、超景深显微镜(DM)对一件馆藏汉代“华仓”瓦当表面析出物进行了表征和检测。结果表明,瓦当表面析出物主要由少量的二水硫酸钙和大量有机酸钙盐[Ca_(3)(CH_(3)COO)_(3)Cl(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O]组成,两种盐的形成与瓦当的制作过程、埋藏环境和灰尘有关,有机酸盐的形成还与馆藏环境中的乙酸有关。这种析出物不仅影响瓦当表面的真实文物信息,还会进一步腐蚀瓦当本体,建议从展柜中取出瓦当进行脱盐处理,存放在无酸的环境中。本检测分析为这件瓦当的保护修复方案的制定提供理论依据,也为类似文物样品的分析提供借鉴。Tiles are building materials commonly used in ancient Chinese architecture.Efflorescence may be produced on eaves tiles after years,which not only affects the true cultural relic information on the tile surface but also further damages eaves tiles.In 2022,crystalline efflorescence was found on a Han Dynasty eaves tile in the collection of Shaanxi History Museum.It was unearthed from Jingshicang Ruins in Huayin,Shaanxi Province,with a diameter of 16.1 cm and a convex string pattern inside the side wheel.Two characters of“Hua”and“Cang”were written in the seal script on the tile surface.The Chinese-character tile of the Han Dynasties provides physical materials for studying the ideological consciousness of the Han Dynasty people,as well as social changes,economic development status and calligraphy and seal carving art of the Han Dynasties.Identification of the crystalline efflorescence,or its components,may reveal the causes and sources of the efflorescence,and appropriate measures may only be determined when such information is known.Therefore,the crystalline efflorescence on the surface of the eaves tile was identified.First,super depth-of-field microscopy(DM)was used to observe the tile surface and crystalline efflorescence.The results show that there were salt crystals,powdering and flaking on the tile surface,in the form of fluffy whiskers.Both the yellow-white cluster crystals and a white needle-shaped substance formed by the parallel arrangement of small fibers were present.Ion chromatography(IC),scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and infrared spectrometry(FTIR)were used to analyze the chemical composition of crystalline efflorescence.The results show that two major compounds were found:gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O)and thecotrichite[Ca_(3)(CH_(3)COO)_(3)Cl(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O].Based on the analytical results of the crystalline efflorescence,we also investigated the sources and causes of the two salts.These included:1)the production process and raw m

关 键 词：瓦当 表面析出物 有机酸 分析检测技术 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]