农田土壤理化参数快速获取技术研究进展与展望  

Research Advances and Prospects on Rapid Acquisition Technology of Farmland Soil Physical and Chemical Parameters

作　　者：齐江涛 程盼婷[1,2] 高芳芳 郭丽 张瑞瑞 QI Jiangtao;CHENG Panting;GAO Fangfang;GUO Li;ZHANG Ruirui(Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;Research Center of Intelligent Equipment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,吉林长春130022 [3]北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《智慧农业（中英文）》2024年第3期17-33,共17页Smart Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2000201);吉林省中青年科技创新创业卓越人才团队(20230508032RC)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]土壤是农业基本的生产资料,其质量与农业高效生产和可持续发展密切相关。由于以往对农田的高强度利用以及土壤侵蚀等原因,导致部分农田出现土壤有机质明显下降、地力减弱和生态功能退化等现象。土壤理化参数作为揭示土壤空间特征、评估土壤肥力的关键指标,对农田可持续利用起着至关重要的作用。因此,土壤理化参数信息的快速获取极为必要。[进展]探讨了农田土壤理化参数获取技术的研究意义,总结了当前用于农田土壤理化参数信息获取的主要技术,包括以电化学分析和光谱分析为主的实验室快速检验技术,以电磁感应、探地雷达、多光谱、高光谱和热红外为主的近地快速感知技术,以直接反演法、间接反演法和结合分析法为主的卫星遥感技术,以及近年的新型快速获取技术,如生物传感、环境磁学、太赫兹光谱和伽马能谱等,梳理了各方法的优缺点及适用情况。[结论/展望]结合农田环境的作业需求,依据未来研究的侧重方向提出发展建议,包括开发便携化、智能化和经济型的近地土壤信息获取系统及设备,实现土壤信息的原位快速检测。优化低空土壤信息获取平台的性能,完善数据的解译方法;联合多因素构建卫星遥感反演模型,利用多种共享开放的云计算平台实现数据的深度挖掘。深入探索多源数据融合在土壤理化参数信息获取中的研究与应用,构建泛化能力强、可靠性高的土壤信息感知算法和模型等,从而实现土壤理化参数信息快速、精准和智能化获取。[Significance] Soil stands as the fundamental pillar of agricultural production, with its quality being intrinsically linked to the efficien‐cy and sustainability of farming practices. Historically, the intensive cultivation and soil erosion have led to a marked deterioration in some arable lands, characterized by a sharp decrease in soil organic matter, diminished fertility, and a decline in soil's structural integ‐rity and ecological functions. In the strategic framework of safeguarding national food security and advancing the frontiers of smart and precision agriculture, the march towards agricultural modernization continues apace, intensifying the imperative for meticulous soil quality management. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the rrapid acquisition of soil's physical and chemical parameters. Interdisciplinary scholars have delved into soil monitoring research, achieving notable advancements that promise to revolutionize the way we understand and manage soil resource. [Progress] Utilizing the the Web of Science platform, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on the topic of "soil," further refined with supplementary keywords such as "electrochemistry", "spectroscopy", "electromagnetic", "ground-penetrating radar", and "satellite". The resulting literature was screened, synthesized, and imported into the CiteSpace visualization tool. A keyword emer‐gence map was yielded, which delineates the trajectory of research in soil physical and chemical parameter detection technology. Anal‐ysis of the keyword emergence map reveals a paradigm shift in the acquisition of soil physical and chemical parameters, transitioning from conventional indoor chemical and spectrometry analyses to outdoor, real-time detection methods. Notably, soil sensors integrated into drones and satellites have garnered considerable interest. Additionally, emerging monitoring technologies, including biosensing and terahertz spectroscopy, have made their mark in recent years. Drawing from this analysis, the prevailing

关 键 词：土壤理化参数 光谱分析 电磁感应 探地雷达 卫星遥感 快速感知 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化] S-1[农业科学—农业工程]