油菜播种机除尘式播量监测系统设计与试验  

Design and Test of Dust Removal Seeding Rate Monitoring System for Rapeseed Seeders

作　　者：李强 余秋丽 李浩鹏 徐春保 丁幼春[1,2] LI Qiang;YU Qiuli;LI Haopeng;XU Chunbao;DING Youchun(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《智慧农业（中英文）》2024年第3期107-117,共11页Smart Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000402);农业关键核心技术攻关项目(HBNYHXGG2023-2)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]针对气送式油菜直播机作业过程中粉尘影响种子流检测性能、监测系统难以适应不同幅宽播种行数等问题,设计了一种油菜播种机除尘式播量监测系统。[方法]该监测系统由除尘式油菜种子流检测装置与播量监测终端构成,可通过改变检测装置数量适配不同幅宽播种机。根据粉尘影响种子流检测结构机制,设计了防尘除尘机构。该机构通过透明防尘板将光电感应器件与导种管隔开,粉尘只附着在透明防尘板靠近导种管一侧,同时利用步进电机-丝杆机构使透明防尘板与除尘布产生相互摩擦实现对透明防尘板除尘。通过分析与试验确定透明防尘板尺寸、除尘启动阈值等关键参数。[结果和讨论]检测装置对比台架试验表明,在平均排种频率12.4~36.3 Hz、平均粉尘流量252~386 mg/s下,无防尘除尘检测装置在两个除尘周期后检测准确率不高于80.2%;有防尘除尘检测装置在单个除尘周期内平均检测准确率不低于93.6%,检测装置不会将粉尘误计。播量监测台架试验表明,在平均排种频率不高于37.6 Hz时,播量监测准确率不低于92.2%。田间播种试验表明,在2.8~4.6 km/h的油菜直播机正常作业速度下,田间排种频率为14.8~31.1 Hz时,播量监测准确率不低于93.1%。[结论]该油菜播量监测系统为气送式油菜直播机作业中粉尘影响下种子流精准检测提供了有效支持,提高了对不同宽幅播种行数的适应性。[Objective]The pneumatic rapeseed seeder easily inhales the dust generated during live broadcast operations into the seeding pipe,and then releases it along with the rapeseed.Consequently,when monitoring the rapeseed flow,dust interference can affect the flow,detection sensitivity and accuracy.This research aims to develop a dust removal rapeseed seeding rate monitoring system suitable for air-assisted pneumatic rapeseed seeders to improve the transparency and intelligence of the sowing process.[Methods]The monitoring system comprised a dust removal rapeseed seed flow detection device and a sowing monitoring terminal,which could be adjusted for different seeders widths by altering the number of detection devices.The rapeseed stream sensing structure operated on the principle of photoelectric induction.A delicate light layer was generated using an LED light source and a narrow slit structure.The convex lens condenses the light and directed it onto the sensing area of the silicon photovoltaic cell.When the rapeseed seeds pass through the sensing light layer,the silicon photovoltaic cell produced a voltage change signal.The signal converts it into a pulse signal that can be recognized by the microcontroller.A dust removal mechanism was designed by analyzing dust sources in the seeding system during normal field operation of the air-assisted rapeseed seeding machine and understanding the impact mechanism of the dust detection device on the accuracy of rapeseed flow monitoring.This mechanism employed a transparent plate to protect the photoelectric induction device in a relatively enclosed space and used a stepper motor screw mechanism to generate friction between the transparent plate and the dust removal cloth for effective dust removal.The appropriate size of the dust shield was determined by comparing its movement stroke with other structural dimensions of the detection device.The relationship between the silicon photocells voltage and detection accuracy was established through experiments at seeding frequencies o

关 键 词：油菜种子流检测 播种 除尘 监测系统 精准计数 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]