被制造的过度诉讼:从一类案件的生成机理透视类案多发的深层原因  

Manufactured Excessive Litigation:The Deep Reasons for the High Incidence of Class Cases from the Mechanism of Generating Class Cases

作　　者：中国人民大学法学院法律与社会跨学科研究中心课题组 金上钧 侯猛 Research Group of Law and Social Sciences Research Centre,School of Law,Renmin University of China

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]法社科研究中心

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第3期115-132,共18页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“百年中国政法体制演进的经验与模式研究”(22JZD014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：类案多发高发是当前中国法院所面临的一大难题,也是诉讼爆炸的典型表现。不少类案多发高发往往是由当事人进行过度诉讼导致的,其背后是行业利益驱动。通过对侵害商标权纠纷案由下小商户销售假冒注册商标的商品案生成过程进行考察,就会发现是法律咨询公司在主导处理此类纠纷的进程,使纠纷大量转化为诉讼。作为“重复性当事人”,法律咨询公司实际上并不出现在裁判文书中。它们了解并充分利用规则,为商标专用权人垫付诉讼资金并获得授权,与公证处一同进行取证,“委托”律师事务所代理诉讼,从而形成了诉讼产业链。实际上,诉讼产业不只在于知识产权案件中,在金融借款、信用卡尤其是网贷纠纷、交通事故人身损害赔偿等类案中,都存在着法律咨询公司以及部分律师制造过度诉讼的现象。而且,所涉案件范围在可预见的未来还会越来越广,因此,需要采取司法建议等手段进行源头治理和综合治理。The proliferation and high incidence of class cases is a major problem faced by Chinese courts at present,and is also a typical manifestation of litigation explosion.The high incidence of many class cases is often caused by excessive litigation by the parties,behind which is the drive of industry interests.By examining the process of generating trademark infringement disputes by small merchants selling counterfeit registered trademarks,it can be seen that legal consulting firms dominate the process of dealing with such disputes,resulting in a large number of disputes being converted into lawsuits.As"repetitive parties",legal consulting firms do not actually appear in the adjudication documents.They understand and make full use of the rules,advance litigation funds and obtain authorisation for the exclusive right owner of the trademark,take evidence together with the notary public,and"appoint"law firms to represent them in litigation,thus forming a litigation industry chain.In fact,the litigation industry is not only in intellectual property cases,but also in financial loans,credit card disputes,especially online loans,personal injury compensation in traffic accidents and other cases,there are legal consulting firms and some lawyers to create excessive litigation phenomenon.Moreover,the scope of cases involved will become wider and wider in the foreseeable future,therefore,it is necessary to take judicial advice and other means to control the source and comprehensive management.

关 键 词：过度诉讼 类案 法律咨询公司 重复性当事人 诉讼产业链 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D923.4[政治法律—法学]