2002-2022年中国籼稻品质的时空分布和发展状况  

Spatio-temporal distribution and development status of indica rice quality in China from 2002 to 2022

作　　者：邵雅芳[1] 郑欣 朱大伟 章林平[1] 牟仁祥[1] 郑小龙[1] 陈铭学[1] SHAO Yafang;ZHENG Xin;ZHU Dawei;ZHANG Linping;MOU Renxiang;ZHENG Xiaolong;CHEN Mingxue(China National Rice Research Institute/Rice Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/农业农村部稻米及制品质量检验测试中心,浙江杭州311400

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第3期418-430,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LTGN24C020004);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2023C02014);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202303)。

摘　　要：为充分了解我国籼稻品质的时空分布和发展状况,收集2002-2022年种植于安徽、重庆、福建、广东、广西、河南、湖北、湖南、江苏、江西、四川、浙江等12个省级行政区共70 146份籼稻样品,检测并分析稻米的粒长、整精米率、垩白度、透明度、表观直链淀粉含量、碱消值、胶稠度和蛋白质含量等指标,结合主成分分析阐述我国籼稻品质的发展趋势。结果显示:河南和江苏的籼稻粒长相对较短,整精米率相对较高;广东和江苏的籼稻垩白度较低,1级透明度占比较高;浙江、江西和湖南的籼稻表观直链淀粉含量较高且品种间的差异较大;江苏、重庆和广东的籼稻碱消值较高。近10年来,籼稻粒长逐年变长,碱消值逐年变大,垩白度、透明度、表观直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量逐渐下降,品种间的差异也越来越小。总体来看,近21年来,我国籼稻品质得到了明显的提升,向着长粒、外观品质优和食味佳的方向发展。In order to fully understand the spatio-temporal distribution and development status of indica rice quality in China,a total of 70146 indica rice grain samples were collected from 12 provincial-level administrative regions,including Anhui,Chongqing,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Henan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Zhejiang from 2002 to 2022.The grain length,head rice percentage,chalkiness degree,translucency,apparent amylose content,alkali spreading value,gel consistency and protein content were tested.The development trend of indica rice quality in China was analyzed by principal component analysis.The results showed that the indica rice grain samples from Henan and Jiangsu had shorter grain lengths and higher head rice percentages,and those from Guangdong and Jiangsu had lower chalkiness degrees and higher proportions of translucency with grade 1.The apparent amylose contents of the indica rice grain samples from Zhejiang,Jiangxi and Hunan were higher and the differences among the varieties were larger.The alkali spreading values of the indica rice grain samples from Jiangsu,Chongqing and Guangdong were higher.In the past 10 years,the grain length,alkali spreading value of indica rice increased annually,and the chalkiness degree,translucency,apparent amylose content and protein content decreased gradually,and the differences among the varieties became smaller.Overall,the quality of the indica rice varieties in China has obviously improved,which is developing towards the tendency of long grain,good appearance and good taste in the recent 21 years.

关 键 词：加工品质 外观品质 表观直链淀粉 碱消值 胶稠度 蛋白质 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]